Class Dicotyledons, family Moths (Legumes)- it is the representatives of this systematic group of plants that will be discussed in this article. They have characteristic features, by which they are easily distinguished from others. A wide area of distribution and widespread use in human life makes them an important object for study.
Life forms
Plants of the Moth family are presented innature of all existing life forms. This is grass, and bushes, and trees. Everyone is well aware of small shoots of clover, which pleases us in the spring with its magnificent inflorescences. But the acacia is a tall tree with a sprawling crown.
The structure of the flower
Moths - family of the class Dicotyledons,which got its name due to the special structure of the flower. It is always irregular in shape. This means that its corolla is formed by petals of different shapes and sizes. Visually, it resembles a moth in flight. Hence the name of the family. The flower is five-membered. However, the petals are free, and the sepals coalesce. Pestle is formed by one carpel. The number of stamens is 10. Depending on the type of plant, they can be fused or free. But the majority of representatives of butterflies 9 staminate filaments are connected, and one remains free.
Outwardly, the flower also reminds the boat.The upper petal, which is also called the sail, is the largest. The two lateral ones are much smaller and are attached freely - "oars". The lower petals coalesce, forming directly the "bottom of the boat".
Flowers can be single or collected in inflorescences. For example, a clover has a head, a lupine and a pea have a brush, and a lapwing has an umbrella.
Structure of leaves
In the predominant majority of cases, butterflies have complex leaves with the next location on the stem. At their base are paired stipules or thorns.
Type of fruit
The fruit of the Motylkov family is called the "bean".Hence the second name of the family. Sometimes it is called Legumes. This type of fruit belongs to the group of dry expanders. It is represented by two leaves, each of which contains a lot of seeds.
Plants of the family Moth
Mimosa, alfalfa, rank, lupine, peanuts ...The butterflies are a family whose representatives are well known to everyone and are quite common. Their species composition is about 18 thousand. Legumes can be found in different climatic zones - from hot deserts to the Far North. Their characteristic feature is that the roots are inhabited by specific nodule bacteria. This coexistence is mutually beneficial. Pancakes get valuable bacteria from bacteria, which can absorb. Unicellular, in turn, are provided by organic substances created by plants in the process of photosynthesis.
The importance of legumes
Moths - a family of dicotyledons, representativeswhich is widely used by man. Legumes, which include soy, beans, lentils, are valuable food crops. In the crop rotations, peas and sweet clover participate as precursors of wheat and vegetables.
The fruit of the Motylkov family can be foundunderground. An example of this is peanuts. Its seeds contain a lot of protein, vegetable fats, starch and vitamins. Together with soy, they are valuable oil crops.
Medicinal plants are widely used inpharmaceutical industry. Infusions of licorice are used in the treatment of diseases of the respiratory system, food poisoning. Many butterflies are valuable melliferous plants. White acacia, alfalfa is a valuable source of nectar - a favorite delicacy of bees.
Interesting to know
Moths - a family that can by rightto wear the title of one of the most ancient. Paleontologists suggest that peas began to grow in the third millennium BC. And now on the planet the territory of its crops reach 10 million hectares.
Soy protein officially has a quality standardvegetable protein, assigned to it by the International Commission on Food Resources at the United Nations. According to statistics, every third liter of vegetable oil produced in the world falls on this plant. And from soy flour they get "milk", which does not differ in taste from cow's milk.
Beans are a record-keeping plantthe content of potassium compounds. That is why it is recommended for people with impaired renal function, cardiovascular system, with increased pressure, joint diseases.
The substance, which contains the sweet potato sweet clover, is able to prevent blood clotting and is therefore used in thrombophlebitis, a disease in which clots form in the vessels.
Another valuable plant of the family Motylkov,which gives a lot of green mass, is both poisonous. This lupine, which contains alkaloids. Previously it was used only as a green fertilizer, and now there are also non-poisonous varieties.
Among the representatives of the Motylkov family there areplants are giants. Some tropical trees reach a height of more than 80 m. To hold such giants help the powerful supporting roots, located on the surface of the soil.
Thus, the main featuresrepresentatives of the family Motylkovye (Bean) is the structure of the flower, which in appearance looks like a butterfly, and the presence of nodule bacteria that live in the tissues of the roots of these plants. Many of them are valuable fodder, oil and leguminous crops, which are actively cultivated by humans.
