Александр Первый был старшим сыном Павла 1.The future emperor was born in 1777, December 12th. Alexander was raised mainly by Catherine 2, his grandmother. In the physical development of the boy tried to keep closer to nature. Education future emperor received from the Swiss LaGarpa, tactful Republican.
Alexander the First. Biography
Catherine 2 was supposed to transfer the thronedirectly to his grandson, bypassing Paul 1. However, not having time to register his will, she died. On the throne came Paul 1, who made his son the military governor in St. Petersburg, inspector of infantry and cavalry, and then chairman in the military department of the Senate. At the same time, the father all the time suspected Alexander of the conspiracy, even wanted to put him in a fortress. It is worth noting that the son really participated in the organization of conspiracies against his father. As a result of one of them, Paul 1 died.
Alexander the First came to the throne at the age oftwenty four years old. He was in love with symmetry and order, was educated, had a sound mind. However, as contemporaries noted, he was afraid of state affairs that seemed to him unbearable. At the same time, Alexander I was very suspicious and suspicious. The emperor suffered all the time from an inferiority complex. Trying to get rid of him, Alexander I sought to establish himself as an autocrat, then as a military leader.
According to contemporaries, the emperor was not an ardent supporter of change. However, at the beginning of his reign, Alexander the First carried out quite radical reforms.
First of all, the ruler canceled allthe transformation of his father, Paul 1: freed the clergy and nobles from corporal punishment, returned to the cities and nobility "charters", returned about twelve thousand repressed from exile, all who fled beyond the state announced an amnesty.
After 1803 (since the promulgation of the law"On Free Habopashchik") peasants were given the right to redeem freedom under an agreement with the landowner. However, it took less than half the percentage of serfs.
From 1803 to 1804 Alexander the Great introducedchanges in the system of public education. In 1804 the "Censorship Charter" was adopted. MM Speransky took a special part in the reform. His efforts largely established a new order of government in the state, which existed until 1917 with minor changes.
From 1805 to 1807, Alexander participated inanti-Napoleonic coalitions. As a result of the defeat at Austerlitz, the emperor was forced to conclude Tilsit peace. However, subsequent military successes helped strengthen the international position of Russia.
После первых неудачных сражений в начале Patriotic war of 1812, Alexander, having made sure of his military insolvency, is practically retiring into private life. From this moment he almost never leaves, all the time he is in the Kamennoostrovsky Palace of St. Petersburg.
Radically changed the position of alldespised Alexander 1 after the disaster in the Napoleonic army, which lost almost all its personnel in Russia from the cold and famine. As a result, in 1814, on March 31, the Russian emperor entered Paris identically. From that moment on, Alexander 1 became the most influential person in all of Europe. The emperor himself tried his best to strengthen his position.
However, Alexander 1 increasingly tried to leanon people "especially close". Among them was Arakcheev, a tough, rough, cruel soldier. The emperor sought to create a special military estate, which greatly irritated the Russian landowners, offending their national and estate pride. Under these conditions, a conspiracy against Alexander 1 was brewing.
His murder by 1825 was already thoroughlyplanned. The conspirators planned to make it in 1826, in the summer, during maneuvers. However, in 1825, the emperor died suddenly in Taganrog from a disease.
