The biography of each scientist allows you to better understandhis way to great achievements and get acquainted with some interesting facts. In order to have an idea of the way that science does, it is worth studying in detail a few stories about its leading figures.
The most important figures
In each of the directions it is worth paying attention toon the most significant scientist. So, the best British medic was Fleming. The most important inventor from Russia is Popov. Leonardo da Vinci, as a true Renaissance man, showed many diverse talents. Pascal, Tesla and others are the best mathematicians and physicists, whose contribution is also visible in modern life. Which of them is the most famous scientist? Everyone deserves attention in equal measure.
Alexander Fleming
The future inventor of penicillin was born inAugust 1881 in the small Scottish town of Lochfield. After receiving secondary education, he went to London and became a student of the Royal Polytechnic Institute. On the advice of the professional physicist and his brother Tom, Alexander decided to engage in science, in 1903 he went to work in the hospital of St. Mary and began surgical practice. After the war, where he had seen many deaths, Fleming decided to find a cure that would cope with the infections. Famous British scientists have already worked on the issue, but no one has achieved significant results. The only thing that was invented is an antiseptic, which only reduces the protective functions of the body. Fleming proved that this treatment is not suitable for the treatment of deep wounds. By 1928, he began to study bacteria from the family of staphylococci. One day, on his return from vacation, Fleming discovered on the table fungal colonies, which struck harmful microorganisms. The scientist decided to grow mold in pure form and isolated penicillin from it. Until the forties he perfected his form and soon his production became large-scale and was adopted in hospitals. In 1944, along with a colleague, Flory received a knighthood. The names of famous scientists reached the Nobel Committee, and already in 1945 they received a prize in the field of medicine. The Royal College of Physicians has made Fleming an honorary member. Not all known English scientists can boast of such achievements. Fleming is an outstanding talent and a person worthy of mention in any list of the world's best doctors.
Gregor Mendel
Many famous scientists did not receivethorough education. For example, Gregor Mendel was born in July 1882 in a family of simple peasants and trained at a theological institute. All his profound knowledge of biology he acquired independently. Soon he began to teach, and then went to university in Vienna, where he began to engage in hybrid plants. With the help of many experiments on peas, he developed a theory about the laws of inheritance. The names of famous scientists were often given to their inventions, and Mendel was no exception. Gregor's writings did not interest his contemporaries, he quit his job in the laboratory and became a rector in the monastery. The revolutionary nature of his discoveries and their profound meaning became visible to biologists only in the early twentieth century, after the death of Gregor Mendel. Well-known scientists of Russia and the world use his theories now. The principles of Mendel are studied at a basic level in schools.
Leonardo da Vinci
Few famous scientists are so popular,as Leonardo. He was not just an outstanding physicist, but also a creator, his paintings and sculptures delight people all over the world, and his very life is a source of inspiration for the works: he is a truly interesting and mysterious person. The greatest Renaissance figure was born in April 1452. Since childhood, Leonardo was fond of painting, architecture, sculpture. He was distinguished by his impressive knowledge in the field of natural science, physics and mathematics. Many of his works were evaluated only a century later, and contemporaries often did not pay attention to them. Leonardo was fond of the idea of flying machines, but he could not realize the working project. In addition, he studied many laws of fluid and hydraulics. Famous scientists are rarely famous and as artists. Leonardo is a great artist, the author of the famous "Gioconda" and the canvas "The Last Supper". Remained after him and numerous manuscripts. Many foreign and well-known Russian scientists still use the da Vinci achievements created by him until 1519, when he died while in France.
Blaise Pascal
This French scientist was born in June 1623 inClermont-Ferrand, in the family of a judge. Pascal's father was known for his love of science. In 1631 the family moved to Paris, where Blaise wrote his first work on the sound of vibrating bodies - this happened when the boy was only 11 years old. Few famous scientists of Russia and the world can boast of such early success! Blaise surprised people with his mathematical abilities, he was able to prove that the sum of the angles of a triangle is two straight. In 16 he wrote a treatise on a hexagon inscribed in a circle. On the basis of this, a well-known theorem of Pascal will be developed. In 1642 Blaise developed a mechanical calculating machine that could perform the operations of addition and subtraction. However, like many other well-known scientists and their discoveries, Blaise and his Pascalina never became too well known among contemporaries. To date, its variations on the subject of counting machines are stored in the best museums in Europe. In addition, Pascal's contribution to science is invaluable - his calculations are also used by modern scientists.
Alexander Popov
Many famous Russian scientists have doneinventions that the whole world is enjoying now. These include Alexander Popov, the creator of the radio, who was born in the Urals village in the family of a priest. He received his first education in a theological school, after which he entered the seminary. Going to the University of St. Petersburg, Popov ran into financial difficulties, so he had to work in parallel with his studies. Alexander was carried away by physics and began teaching it in Kronstadt. From 1901 he served as a professor at the Institute of Electrical Engineering in St. Petersburg, and then became its rector. The main interest of his life remained inventions and experiments. He studied electromagnetic oscillations. In 1895 he introduced the radio to the audience. From 1897 he worked on his improvement. Assistants Popov Rybkin and Troitsky confirmed the possibility of using it for making signals by ear. Popov made the final modifications and created the device, which now exists in almost every house.
Nikola Tesla
This scientist was born in Austria-Hungary.Like Popov, Tesla was the son of a priest. In 1870 he graduated from high school and entered the school, where he was carried away by electrical engineering. Several years he worked as a teacher in the gymnasium, after which he went to Prague University. In parallel, Nicola worked at the telegraph company, and then - at Edison. All the years of training he tried to invent an electric motor, working on alternating current. Moved to the US, where he did a successful job of improving the machine created by Edison. However, Tesla did not receive from that money, after which he resigned and founded his own laboratory in New York. By the beginning of the twentieth century, Nikola had already had several patents - he invented a frequency meter and an electricity meter. In 1915 he was nominated for the Nobel Prize. He never ceased to work and made a significant contribution to science, died in 1943 after an accident - Tesla got under the car, and broken ribs led to too complicated inflammation of the lungs.
Friedrich Schiller
As everyone knows, famous scientists canbe not only in the sphere of exact sciences. An excellent example for this is Friedrich Schiller, a historian and philosopher, who did a great deal for his fields of knowledge and made an invaluable contribution to the literary heritage. He was born in 1759 in the Holy Roman Empire, but already in 1763 he moved with his family to Germany. In 1766, he was in Ludwigsburg, where he graduated from the medical faculty. To create Schiller began in the process of teaching, and in 1781 his first drama was released and received such recognition that the following year he was staged in the theater. This play is still considered one of the first and most successful melodramas in Europe. Throughout his life Schiller worked, translated plays from other languages, and also taught at universities history and philosophy.
Abraham Maslow
Abraham Maslow is a confirmation thatfamous scientists can be not only mathematicians and physicists. His theory of self-realization knows absolutely everything. Maslow was born in 1908 in New York. His parents treated him badly and were humiliated in every way, and his Jewish background caused anti-Semitic tricks on the part of his peers. This developed in the small Abraham inferiority complex, because of what he hid in the library and spent days behind books. Later, he gradually began to assert himself in life - first in High School, participating in various clubs, and then at the Faculty of Psychology, where he received a master's degree in 1931. In 1937, Maslow became a member of the teaching staff of the college in Brooklyn, where he worked most of his life. When the war began, Maslow was no longer suitable for service, but at the same time he drew a lot from this bloody event - it affected his research in the field of humanitarian psychology. In 1943 Maslow developed his famous Theory of Personality Motivation, in which he stated that every person has a pyramid of needs that require satisfaction to fulfill oneself. In 1954 he published the book "Motivation and Personality", where he explained his theory as fully as possible and developed it.
Albert Einstein
Any discussion on "Famous scientists and theirdiscovery "will not do without mentioning Albert Einstein, the brilliant physicist who stands at the origins of the modern concept of this science.Einstein was born in Germany in 1879, was always a modest and quiet boy, did not stand out against the background of other children.I only when he was carried away by Kant, Einstein discovered a talent for exact sciences, which helped him successfully graduate from the gymnasium, and then the Zurich Polytechnic in Switzerland, where he moved in. At the technical school he began writing various articles and other works and conducting research. This led to a number of discoveries that are known to the whole world - the theory of relativity, photoelectric effect, Brownian motion, etc. After a while Einstein moved to the USA, got a job there in Princeton and set himself the goal of working on the theory of a single gravitational electromagnetic field.
Andre-Marie Ampere
Известные ученые мира, которые работали в сфере physics, are not limited to Einstein. For example, Andre-Marie Amper was born in 1775 in France. His father did not want his son to study centrally, so he taught him, and books helped him in this. Amper was literally raised on the writings of Rousseau, which affected his future work. After the Revolution and the death of his father Amper marries and returns to normal life. He continues to teach, and in 1802 became a teacher of mathematics and chemistry in one of the schools. However, at the same time he conducts research on his famous theory of probability, because of which he finds himself in the Paris Academy and writes one of his most recognized works - "Mathematical Theory of Games." In 1809, Amper received the title of professor, and in 1814 became a member of the Academy of Sciences. After that, he proceeds to research in the field of electrodynamics, and in 1826 creates his most famous work - "A scientific essay on the mathematical theory of electrodynamic phenomena."
