The theory of knowledge is the teaching of the processthe accumulation of new knowledge and how humanity comprehends the world around us and the cause-effect relationships that operate in it. No one doubts that from generation to generation we pass on to our descendants an ever greater body of knowledge. Old truths are supplemented by new discoveries in various fields: science, art, in the field of everyday life. Thus, knowledge is a mechanism of social communication and continuity.
Но, с другой стороны, множество концепций, expressed by authoritative scientists and seemed indisputable, after some time showed their inconsistency. Let us recall at least the geocentric system of the universe, which was refuted by Copernicus. In this connection, a natural question arises: but can we be completely sure that our knowledge of being is true? The theory of knowledge tries to answer this question. Philosophy (or rather, its section studying this issue, epistemology) examines the processes occurring when comprehending the macrocosm and the microcosm.
This science develops in the same way as otherindustry, comes into contact with them, takes something from them and, in turn, gives. The theory of knowledge poses a rather difficult, almost insoluble task: to understand the human brain exactly how it operates. This occupation is somewhat reminiscent of the story of Baron Mnnhausen, and it can be compared to the famous attempt to "raise himself by the hair." Therefore, the question of whether we know anything about the world is immutable, as always, there are three answers: optimistic, pessimistic and rational.
Теория познания неминуемо сталкивается с the problem of the theoretical possibility of knowing the absolute truth, and therefore must think about the criteria for identifying this category. Does it exist at all, or all our ideas about it are highly relative, changeable, incomplete? Optimists believe that our knowledge does not let us down. Hegel, the most prominent representative of this trend in epistemology, argued that being would inevitably open up before us, in order to show us our wealth and let them enjoy it. And the progress of science is clear evidence of this.
This view is opposed by agnostics.They deny the possibility of being knowable, claiming that we comprehend the world around us with our sensations. Thus, cognitive conclusions about something are just conjectures. And the theory of knowledge does not know what the true state of affairs is, since we are all hostages of our senses, and objects and phenomena are revealed to us only in the form in which their images are refracted in the prism of our perception of reality. The concept of agnosticism is most fully expressed in epistemological relativism - the doctrine of absolute variability of events, phenomena, facts.
