Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of SciencesSciences) is popular and known in scientific circles. And what do we know about him ?! Why was it created? What is studied in it? Who was its first director? These and other facts from the history of the institute can be found in our article.
Brief information
Institute of Oceanology. P.P.Shirshov RAS is the oldest and largest research center in our country in the field of ocean science. It was named in honor of its first director, Petr Petrovich Shirshov, who at one time was a Soviet statesman, hydrobiologist and polar explorer. The Institute of Oceanology named after Shirshov was founded by order of the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union on January 31, 1946. It is located in the city of Moscow at the address: 36 Nakhimovsky Prospect.
Led by Shirshov created and raisedinstitute such scholars as sv Bruevich, V.B. Shtokman, A.D. Dobrovolsky, L.A. Zenkevich and others. Today, under the wing of the center are 38 research laboratories. There are 1267 people in total, of which 98 are doctors of science and 220 are candidates of various sciences. The structure of the scientific institution has a Center for Marine Expeditions and Research.
Departments that contain the Institute of Oceanology Shirshov
The research center has seven branches in different cities throughout Russia:
- Kaliningrad Atlantic;
- Gelendzhik southern;
- Arkhangelsk Northwest;
- Astrakhan Caspian branch;
- St. Petersburg branch;
- Kaliningrad Atlantic fleet base;
- Vladivostok Pacific Fleet Base.
Oceanology activities
Institute of Oceanology. P.P.Shirshov RAS is engaged in various types of work. The main activity for scientists is the Russian Academy of Sciences. In addition, the institute works on the state program. Let's take a look at what this research center does and what is its main activity.
The main types of activities in scientific and applied research:
- climatology, and also physics of the seas and oceans;
- hydrochemistry of the oceans and seas, the purification of the oceans from pollution;
- biological productivity, variability of marine ecosystems due to climatic and anthropogenic factors, ecology and biology of oceans and seas;
- geophysics, chemistry, dynamics, geology, minerals, sedimentation of the oceans;
- seismology of the seas, as well as electrical and seismic probing of the Earth’s crust;
- dangerous phenomena occurring in the oceans and natural disasters;
- the creation of equipment and instruments for the study of the oceans and seas;
- heat transfer and hydrodynamics in the oceans;
- acoustics, wave processes and cavitation;
- Oceans and ecosystem diversity, their rational use.
Other activities
Institute of Oceanology. P.P.Shirshov RAS carries out research projects, which are mainly funded by research funds, as well as foreign and international organizations. In addition, the research center organizes and conducts research of sea and land expeditions, including international ones. Institute of Oceanology RAS them. Shirshov provides various services for the operation and management of technical equipment and vessels. The scientists of the institute also organize and carry out engineering and geodetic, hydrometeorological, ecological and geological surveys.
At the center, divers providescientific and technical works, provide services for the inspection of underwater hazardous objects in Russian waters. The newest technologies for observing the oceans are being developed, preparation for the GSO and certification is being carried out. Within the walls of the institute, expert examinations of technical and scientific programs, research and design work, and specialized projects are carried out.
The direction of ocean physics
When founded the Institute of Oceanology. P.P.Shirshov RAS, the first thing opened a school of oceanist physics. It carried out basic research and made world discoveries in the field of ocean currents. V.B. Shtokman headed theoretical studies, and A.D. Dobrovolsky - experimental. Thanks to these two researchers, accurate maps of the currents in the oceans have been constructed.
Geology of the seas and oceans
Work in this direction began at the institute.a year after opening in 1947. The group of scientists was small - only five employees headed by professors V.P. Zenkevich and P.L. Bezrukov. Today, more than 350 senior and junior research workers work there. At their disposal 17 secured laboratories. They study tectonics, geochemistry, geomorphology, and also mineralogy. Scientists are exploring water, ice and air suspension. Recently, researchers have been closely watching micropalleontology, minerals, shores and shelves.
Over its entire existence, the institute spent more150 expeditions to the oceans of our state. About 65-70 specialists are involved in one flight, and they are divided into 10 groups. Each squad is a representative from the organization in its profile. Swimming takes 90 days, or 3 months, not counting the time to prepare. On-board processing of samples is carried out on the vessel. Abroad, this type of expedition is just beginning to develop and apply.
Marine and oceanic ecology
At the institute are held widestudies of the biology and productivity of the oceans. Scientists are interested in plankton, nekton, cetaceans, macroalgae, and so on. On the basis of this direction, maps of the fauna of the World Ocean have been developed, and areas where commercial fish feed are found and marked.
