So, for the beginning we will answer a far from new question that arises among many schoolchildren and not only: "XVIII - what is the century?" Let's try to figure it out in this article.
The secret of the Latin numbers, or the Answer to the question: "XVIII - what is this century?"
Often people complain that Roman numerals are very difficult for them. In fact, there is nothing difficult here. Everything obeys quite understandable logic.
So, in the case of the number XVIIIunscramble starting from the beginning. So, X is ten. Accordingly, the number will be clearly more than 10, since the remaining numbers are to the right of the main one. The fact is that if we had the number IX, then it would be already 9, since the unit to the left is taken from 10. So, we need to understand further. V is 5, and the last part, respectively, 3. All elements are summed up and we get a ready number - 18. But in parallel with the question of XVIII - what a century it is, another difficulty arises. Which year can be attributed to the 18th century - the 1750th or 1829th? There is only one answer: 1750, since 1829 will be the 19th century.
18th century history. Education
So, when we figured out which century,Let us dwell on the history of this period. Let's start with the fact that Europe in the XVIII century experienced a grand event in its history - the Enlightenment. This term is familiar to many. One may ask: XVIII - what is the age, but one can not but know the features of this phenomenon. Each country had its own way. But what was common to all is the downfall of feudalism.
Enlightenment is a natural process thatinevitably began with the fall of the feudal system. It is humanistic and formal law, seeing in it a guarantee of freedom and a better life. Enlightenment as a phenomenon not only influenced the mental development of Europe. It boldly criticized the obsolete and outdated forms of life and way of life, preserved from medieval times.
Basic ideas of English Enlightenment
So, Locke highlighted moralqualities and landmarks, considering the state as an agreement of people. He believed that the only natural regulator of interpersonal and social relations are the norms of morality, morality and behavior.
They were to be established, according to the philosopher,"by tacit consensus". The history of the XVIII century fully determined the future path of development of many countries, including Great Britain. The English leaders of the Enlightenment believed that the highest goal was not the happiness of society, but the happiness of an individual, personal elevation.
Locke also stressed that all people are born witha set of strengths and abilities that will help them achieve almost everything. But only constant efforts, as the philosopher believed, contribute to the realization of the potential inherent in each. Only personal creative endeavor will help a person succeed in life. Speaking in this way, the English philosophers of the 18th century very accurately captured the need of the society at that time.
French Enlightenment
Unlike the ideas of the English Enlightenment, Rousseauhighlights the society, rather than a single individual. According to his ideas, initially all power belonged to the society, but then it betrayed the power to the rulers so that they would act in his interests. Rousseau was a supporter of the democratic-republican state. Civil equality will be achieved only when every citizen can participate in government.
Montesquieu, in turn, insists thatthe state system of any country must adapt to the climate, and to religion, and to the character of the people. The philosopher also considers the republican form to be the best form of government. But, not seeing the opportunity to embody it in modern states, it stops at a constitutional monarchy. In this case, the ruler will belong only to executive power, and the legislative - to the elected parliament.
