Russia is not in vain considered a northern country. Russia is the only country where about one and a half million inhabitants live in the Arctic Circle.
The development of the North
The development of the Far North and the Arctic iswave-like intensity, depending on the political and economic situation in the country. The regions of the north of Russia are becoming a place of increased public interest, where financial resources are invested and human resources are actively attracted, then they come to desolation.
Since the XVIII century the northern extremityThe Russian empire is studied by specialists from different industries, which brings understanding by the state authorities of the importance of this region, the realization of the huge economic potential that it contains.
The Soviet stage
The Northern Sea Route, as the shortest path from one ocean to another, and the deposits of natural resources hidden in the northern land, are only two weighty reasons for the development of the region.
This was especially clear to Stalin,The Soviet Arctic became a legendary notion, thousands of young enthusiasts joined in its development, and the map of the north of Russia was enriched by ports on the Arctic Ocean coast, it began to replenish with new plants and mines. Around them, new cities and towns were formed. This is how Pevek emerged - the northernmost city of Russia. In addition, a new method of attracting human resources was invented, albeit monstrously unjust - the GULAG originated.
The Birth of Pevek
Local indigenous people refused to settlein the Chaun Bay area, at the foot of the Paekinay hill. The name of the mountain, from which the name of the future city was formed, contained the reason for this attitude of the Chukchi to this place. According to legend, there was a terrible battle between the two tribes, after which for a long time a monstrous cadaveric smell was heard. Peakinee is a "smelly mountain". More reindeer herders were frightened off by strong winds that periodically brought snow and sand from the south.
The first serious settlement was formed on the shorethe Pevek Strait in 1933. Already by the beginning of the war, from here through the seaport and the airfield, the export of tin, mercury and other rare metals to the big land was discovered, the reserves of which were of industrial importance were discovered nearby. It is Chaunlagu and Chaunukotlagu, as part of the Far Eastern branch of the Gulag, due to its rapid growth in the 30-40's the most northern city of Russia. Soon, the development of uranium and gold, which were also conducted by the forces of prisoners, were added.
City status
April 6, 1967 issued a decree of the Supreme CouncilRSFSR, and Pevek changed the status of a working urban settlement to a more significant one, and the name of the regional center in the north of Chukotka was added to the list of Russian cities.
It began the time of its heyday.Pevek gained fame as the most progressive and rapidly developing city in the northern region of Russia. Gradually, the population reached the figure of 12,500, reliable high-rise buildings were built in the city, urban infrastructure was being adjusted, and active cultural and social life was conducted.
Climatic features
Natural conditions in which it arose and existsThe most northern city of Russia, gives the life of the people of Pevek their own specifics and color. They have to take into account, apart from the general lack of heat and sunlight for northerners, the onset of a period when a strong wind blows from the surrounding hills towards the sea, called the southern.
Gusts of wind, usually carrying masses of snow, quicklyreach enormous power capable of demolishing loose structures and light vehicles. Building multi-storey buildings provided for the formation of protected, windless zones, but it is impossible to completely eliminate the negative impact of yuzhak, because there are no trees able to survive in these harsh places and able to protect the city.
But there is spring and in the north.For a short time, the long-awaited warmth and sunshine comes, the tundra is covered with a flowering carpet, among which chamomiles stand out. Later, berries and mushrooms ripen, and the northerners have the opportunity to do interesting and useful work - gathering wild plants.
Pevek today
According to the recent census, there are onlyabout 5 thousand inhabitants. Many houses are empty and collapsed, the mining enterprises surrounding Pevek are switching to a rotational method of organizing work, and there are less and less settlements around.
Последнюю тенденцию отражает и вся обширная карта north of Russia. Severe working and living conditions scare the modern man. He is ready to change the comfortable conditions in the temperate climate zone to an extreme life under the northern lights only under the condition of serious compensation, the most comprehensible and significant of which is considered material. Until the incomes of those working in the regions of the Far North level off the severity of living conditions, cities like Pevek will not be able to reach a level worthy of the 21st century.
Думается, что со временем государство все же will pay attention to those places where, among other things, the natural originality and ecological purity are preserved. These are huge spaces of the Russian North, Siberia and the Far East.
