Many of us do not even think thatsuch a context synonym. And yet the answer to this question is very simple. We will try in this article to highlight the problem of identifying these types of synonyms and the features of their study and understanding.
Definition
The simplest definition is this:This synonym is used in a specific sentence only in a specific context. For example, if we are talking about the source of water and next in the sentence put the word "key" in the meaning of the spring, then these words will be called context synonyms.
Let us give one more interpretation. These synonyms are formed in order to give the most complete definition of this or that phenomenon.
What are the context synonyms?Examples are given below: "Sonechka stood on the ground and looked at this black, deadening depth of the grave." In this case, the adjectives "black" and "dead" are synonymous.
Thus, we have presented a brief answer to the question of what a context synonym is. Now we will estimate this phenomenon from the scientific point of view.
Scientific interpretation
The question of identity or not the identity of values is socalled context synonyms, causes the problem of the degree of discreteness of their meanings to be posed. It is believed that the content of such synonyms is characterized by the same seed composition.
However, as a rule, in the meanings of many words,attributed lexicologists to absolute synonyms, one can observe mismatches, that is, the interpretation of one synonym does not coincide with the definition of the other. And in different dictionaries the degree of completeness of the seminal composition of synonymous values does not coincide, which is connected with lexicographical lacunarity.
The problem of discretizing the semantics of lexical units has always been reflected in the works of linguists, however, it is at this time that interest in it has increased.
In this case, we can say thatvalues within the semantic structure of a word are selectable and each of them can enter a word into different system paradigms; the meaning itself consists of the distinguished parts (sem), which can be the basis of LSG, of synonymous series. These phenomena help to see sentences with context synonyms.
Examples of this type of synonymy
Let us dwell on a couple of contextual synonyms,which we find in the sentence "Lomonosov - the genius of the Russian nation." These context synonyms can be succesfully discretized, their lexicographic and contextual analysis can become a precedent for revealing the tendencies of the existence of synonyms in the modern Russian language.
In this case, we can explain what iscontext synonym. After all, the words "Lomonosov" and "genius" are not synonyms in their pure form, but in the given context these words are synonymous.
In another sentence, for example, "His genius calledto conquer the heights of science, while still young Lomonosov did not know what glory awaits him during his lifetime and after his death, "the words" Lomonosov "and" genius "are no longer synonyms, because they are used in a different context.
Thus, in the dictionary definitions of the studiedsynonyms, we observe different ways of reflecting the discreteness of their meanings. Lexicographic data can always be supplemented by exploring the contextual "behavior" of synonyms. Let's address to features of the use of the considered synonyms, having resulted corresponding contexts.
Context synonyms: examples from the literature and their interpretation
Let us ask the question of why in a speech this type of synonym is used.
We need them to enhance the expressiveness of speech.For example, let's look at a couple of synonyms: sea, stormy, which are used in the context of the following sentence: "The sea stormy wind was beating against the side of the sinking ship."
This sentence emphasizes the importance of the image of the wind, which caused pain to the ship damaged by the storm. In another context, these words will no longer be synonymous.
Thus, it is possible to speak not only of the degreesemantic discreteness of the synonyms under consideration, but also on the degree of continuity of their contextual environment: it differently diagnoses the features of the semantic modification of the units studied.
Let's sum up the results
Semantic Discreteness of Dictionary Definitionsallows you to answer the question of what a context synonym is. This is due to the peculiarities of the representation of information about synonyms in explanatory and synonymous dictionaries. Analysis of vocabulary interpretations in conjunction with a description of the distributional specifics of the units under consideration (taking into account the degree of diagnostic context) allows us not to consider them fully synonymous. This is evidenced by the development of semantic modifications of the analyzed units, for example, the manifestation of portable meanings that are not marked with dictionaries. This limits the possibility of their interchangeability in other proposals with a qualitatively different context.
