Geological section

Geological research includes researchgeological and tectonic structure of large regions (districts, work sites). In the course of the research, stratigraphy (sequence of occurrence of geological formations), genesis (origin) and age of the rocks forming the shell of the earth hen in the place of research are found out.

The results of these studies are expressed asgeological maps. A geological map displays, in graphic form, on a topographic basis, at a certain scale, the geological structure of a section of the earth's crust in a horizontal plane at a specific location studied. The actual actual geological information is mapped in full. Geological sections are extremely important in areas where rocks from above are closed by a powerful soil-vegetative layer, modern anthropogenic formations.

Геологический разрез представляет в графическом the form of a vertical section of the earth's crust to a depth exposed by wells or mine workings. It is a compulsory addition to the geological map. The geological section illuminates the lithological section of the studied strata, the thickness of the layers, their position, the structure of the geological bodies, the age of the rocks, the position of the groundwater level.

For undistorted informationgeological structure in relation to the topography of the terrain values ​​of the horizontal (map scale) and vertical (cut scale) should be the same. But for the design of construction objects (roads, dams, buildings) the vertical scale of the geological section is increased by tens, hundreds of times.

A geological section is built along the line of the section,carried out on the map across the strike (across) the geological structures. The line is drawn at the points that represent the wells on the map. For more complete information about the geological structure of the earth's crust in the study area, the line of the geological section can be broken.

To build a cut first on millimeterpaper rebuild topographic profile, demolishing characteristic elevations. Determine the average height of the area and on this height draw a horizontal (zero) line. On the profile put the location of the wells and through these points lower the perpendiculars to the zero line. Each perpendicular is the line on which to display the geological section of the well, using its documentation. The points on which there is documentation in the form of descriptions of natural outcrops of the earth's crust are also plotted on the cut line. Then build a geological section, connecting the lines of the border (soles and roof) layers of rocks, the same for lithology and age. To construct a geological section correctly, carefully study the map, determining the structural elements, the type of occurrence of rocks, faults.

The geotechnical section differs fromgeological information that characterizes the physical and mechanical properties of soils and the dynamics of processes. For engineering assessment of areas under construction of buildings, structures, it is necessary not only geological information with the characteristics of rocks about their strength and watering, but also information about changes in the geological environment - processes and phenomena occurring in the territory: frost heaving of soils, karst formation, landslide processes, distribution of specific soil, groundwater regime, soil salinity, corrosive activity of soil and groundwater to concrete, steel and much more. As a result of the engineering-geological surveys, the measures that need to be taken for the sustainability and durability of the erected structures are determined.