The biography of this black-haired shortwomen with intelligent eyes have been carefully studied by historians. And some of them, having analyzed the massive folders of documents and interrogation protocols signed by the “committee members” in the winter of 1949, still cannot understand how a simple girl from Zaporozhye could pull out a happy ticket and become the wife of a person who held a responsible post in the government of the Country of Soviets .
Undoubtedly, Pauline Pearl and suggest notcould that, having become the wife of Molotov himself, she would later supervise significant branches of the economy in the USSR. But she nevertheless assigned herself a certain role in the building of communism, as the time period, which falls on the years of her youth, eloquently testifies to it.
Childhood and youth
Polina Zhemchuzhina (originally Perl SemenovnaKarpovskaya) - a native of the village of Pologi, located in the Aleksandrovsky district of the Yekaterinoslav province. She was born on March 11, 1897. Her father was a simple tailor. Already as a teenager, Polina began to work. At first she got a cigarette case at a tobacco factory, after a while she went to work as a cashier at a pharmacy.
And soon in the "political" consciousness of the girl there were cardinal changes: under the influence of propaganda materials and propaganda, she becomes an adherent of ideas of social equality.
"The Party of Lenin - the power of the people"
At 21, Polina Pearl becomes a memberthe Bolshevik Party and joins the ranks of the Red Army, where he conducts active propaganda propaganda among the fighters. Then she moved to Kiev, where the young Bolshevik continued her political work. In Kharkov, the girl will receive an identity document in the name of Polina Semyonovna the Pearl. Soon in the party career of the girl a serious turn will occur.
Fateful meeting
In the early 20s of the last century in the SovietThe capital was scheduled I International Women's Congress. Polina Zhemchuzhina was sent to him as a delegate from the Zaporizhia City Committee. Vyacheslav Molotov himself sat in the presidium. He noticed the young Bolshevik from Zaporozhye, despite the fact that there were a huge number of girls in the hall - colleagues.
The future Minister of Foreign Affairs of the USSR met a young activist and asked her not to return to Ukraine. So Polina Pearl stayed in Moscow.
Life in the capital
In Moscow, she got a job as an instructorRogozhsko-Simonovsky District Committee of the RCP (b). During this period, she became very close to Vyacheslav Mikhailovich, and after some time, he offered her hand and heart. Polina Semenovna Zhemchuzhina agrees. With her husband, they first lived in the same communal apartment with the family of Stalin, and then they left each other, but remained neighbors with the “leader of nations.” Molotov's wife becomes a close friend of Joseph Vissarionovich's wife. Many things unite them: social status, age and party work.
Work experience
Polina Semenovna Pearl comes to study oneconomics department of the Plekhanov Institute, and after receiving a diploma, the Bolshevik is employed by the Novaya Zarya perfume factory as secretary of the party cell. In the early 30s, she will already manage this solid enterprise. In the pre-war years, Polina Zhemchuzhina, whose biography contains many remarkable and interesting facts, will oversee the leading activities in the Soviet People's Commissariat.
In particular, she headed synthetic,soap making, perfumery and cosmetic, fishing industries. Soon Polina Zhemchuzhina (Molotov's wife) began to claim the right to join the Central Committee of the CPSU (b), but events occurred that radically changed her future life.
Alarms for Stalin
In the late 30s, security officers managed to establish thatthe spouse of the USSR Foreign Minister is in correspondence with her sister, who lives in Palestine. It was the first swallow that threatened Polina Semenovna to become disgraced for the authorities.
In the winter of 1941, the Pearl was excluded from the list.applicants to the party apparatus. She decided to focus on work in the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee. As is known, after the war, this structure was positioned as a dangerous organizational and nationalist center. However, according to his inner convictions, Stalin refused to include her in the Zionist cause. But he was simply enraged by the act that Pearl did, - she visited the synagogue. He also didn’t like that Polina Semyonovna confided with the writer I. Ferrer, saying that she did not believe in the official version of the death of the artist Mikhoels. In addition, the leader complained that Pearl met with Israeli Ambassador Golda Meir. Joseph Vissarionovich decided to send Molotov's spouse into exile, by accusing her of corruption as head of light industry.
As a result, she was sentenced to 5 years of exile and sent to the Kostanay region. The political authority of her husband seriously shaken, and he was forced to divorce from the Pearl, although he loved her very much.
Shortly before the departure of Stalin PolinaSemenovna was convoyed from Kazakhstan to Moscow to begin interrogations in the new case, which she became a figurant. She was destined to spend the rest of her life in isolation from society.
Long-awaited freedom
But fate was supportive of his wifeMolotov. Immediately after the death of the leader, Lavrenty Beria personally rehabilitated her. From such news Pearl even fainted. After some time, she was already going to her husband's country house. Vyacheslav Mikhailovich was beside himself with happiness, seeing that his Polina Pearl was alive. Children were in the Molotov family?
This question may also be of interest to many. Polina Semyonovna gave birth to a single daughter, Svetlana, who subsequently chose the work of a researcher at the Institute of Universal History.
The pearl died on May 1, 1970. The cause of death is oncology. Polina Semenovna was buried at the Novodevichy Cemetery of the capital.
