Crises of the Provisional Government of 1917: table. Three Crises of the Provisional Government

1917 год для России был очень тяжёлым и responsible. The events unfolding in Petrograd were of great importance for the future of the country. Bread riots, demonstrations, rallies against military actions, but as a result - the emperor Nicholas II was overthrown, or, more precisely, he himself abdicated from the throne. Thus ended the reign of the dynasty of the Romanov dynasty. The first Provisional Government was formed. The chairman was Prince George Lvov. The Provisional Government gave Russia a Declaration, on which political prisoners received amnesty, local government reform was carried out, but most importantly - civil liberties.

This article will discuss crisesThe Provisional Government of 1917, a table for a better understanding of the material will also be presented. The fact is that, despite all his efforts, the new government could not cope with the discontent of the people. People were determined to change their lives, the process was started, and just so it could not be stopped. This topic is taught to students in history lessons in grade 9, so it will be useful for them to study, and adults to brush up on the events of those years.

Все действия происходили в далёком 1917 году.In all, there were three crises of the Provisional Government. It should be remembered that the cause of all crises was the influence of the Bolshevik Party, as well as the government's refusal to address the pressing problems of society (social and agrarian). In general, it is difficult to understand independently such a topic as the crises of the Provisional Government-1917, the table will have an undeniable benefit in understanding the material. Consider successful and unsuccessful moments in the policy of the Provisional Government - in the table below.

Table on the history of grade 9: crises of the Provisional Government. The policy of the new government.

We see that the new government was trying to change something, but it was not enough.

The first crisis of the Provisional Government

18 апреля нота министра иностранных дел (им was Milyukov) gave rise to the first crisis. The document spoke of the need to be faithful to allied commitments, but nothing was said about indemnities and annexations. At that time, it turned out that democratic Russia and its democratic government were waging an aggressive and imperialistic war, although for a year and a half as the war was going on in Russia. This was Milyukov's main mistake. The Bolsheviks used it and provoked by their thoughts and teachings the masses at the demonstration.

On March 22 in Petrograd thousands of people took to the streets.Several demonstrations were held simultaneously. The slogan of the first demonstration was the following: "We support the Provisional Government!" The slogans of the second demonstration: "Down with Guchkov and Miliukov!", "The World without annexations and indemnities!" And the third, separate rally was the Bolsheviks with the slogan: "Power to the Soviets!" participants in the demonstrations were given ten rubles (very similar to modern rallies), and later the Bolsheviks tried to assert that they were not responsible for rallies that were supposedly a free expression of the opinion of the masses. It is very sad that the demonstrations were armed clashes and even victims.

In Russia there were difficult times. Members of the Provisional Government had several alternative solutions from the current situation.

The first way

Идея заключалась в уходе в отставку и передаче power to the Soviets. Most of the Provisional Government considered that this was too dangerous, since it could lead to the Civil War, and this simply could not be tolerated.

The second way

This path was proposed by Kornilov.According to his plan, it was necessary to take advantage of the situation, using the Bolshevik slogan "Down with the legitimate government!" As an excuse to disperse the Soviets, to kill or imprison the extremely leftist radicals. Let the country, at last, reign strict discipline, both in the army and in production. It was necessary to eliminate the dual power. The crisis of the Provisional Government (March-July 1917) can be considered indefinitely, it is a curious and bright topic. Despite the fact that in March 1917 the death penalty was abolished, it was proposed to reintroduce it to establish a rigid government. The liberals were horrified at such proposals. Kornilov went to the front.

The first coalition government

It was the turn of the temporary coalition governments of Russia in 1917. They created the first coalition government, in which there were six socialist ministers. The post of Minister of War was occupied by Kerensky.

Crises of the Provisional Government of 1917, tablewhich are presented in the article, have also intensified by the economic crisis. It was not possible for the Provisional Government to restore order in the country, raise transport, industry to the proper level, and supply of army and cities with foodstuffs was also not adjusted. At that time, the authority of the Bolsheviks grew, as did their number.

Crises of the Provisional Government of 1917 (table)

The First All-Russian Congress of Peasants' Deputies

Данный съезд прошёл в мае 1917 года, Ленин called to divide the land of the landowners, to give it to the people. Lenin's words aroused support from ordinary people, but Chernov's speech, which spoke about the long preparation and publication of the law on land, did not produce the proper excitement.

First All-Russian Congress of Workers 'and Soldiers' Deputies

Данный съезд прошёл в июне 1917 года, на нём the Bolsheviks received only 105 places out of 777. However, their leader Lenin vividly declared himself. He promised that, thanks to the party, order would reign in the country, without civil war, agrarian and working questions would be solved.

Scheme: Crises of the Provisional Government in 1917

The ripening of the second crisis of the Provisional Government

10 июня большевиками было принято решение о carrying out a demonstration under its slogan to strengthen credibility. However, this decision was banned at the congress, and a general demonstration was held in support of the Provisional Government. Supported the offensive on the front, scheduled for June 18, 1917. The crisis of the Provisional Government came again, as most of the demonstrators carried the Bolshevik slogans. It became clear that in a short time the Bolsheviks would try to seize power. Everything was aggravated by the fact that the attack on the front failed, inflation was growing. The national question began the collapse of Russia. Ukrainians, Finns, etc. demanded independence and autonomy.

July crisis of the Provisional Government

Данные события разворачивались с 3 по 4 июля.During this period, the Cadets withdrew from the government, refusing to consider the question of the independence of Ukraine. The issue of sending a machine-gun regiment of the Petrograd garrison to the front became controversial, the fighters took to the streets of the city. The sailors sailed from Kronstadt supported the armed workers. The performance was commanded by the Bolsheviks. The demonstration was held brightly, loudly, with loud slogans. The demonstrators demanded the end of the war, the Soviets wanted it, the peasants demanded land.

The loyal troops tried to stop the Bolsheviks, but to no avail. Power gradually passed into their hands. Armed soldiers, workers, sailors led the Bolshevik Party.

The Council meeting was held in the Tauride Palace,who was surrounded by demonstrators. The Minister of Agriculture attempted to communicate with the people, but he was simply taken prisoner. The Bolsheviks almost seized power, but Lenin refused to finish the job, because he was afraid that he would not be able to control the process and keep this power for a long time. The July crisis of the Provisional Government was quite serious.

The outcome of the July demonstration

Loyal to the government troops began to hunt forthe Bolsheviks. Many went underground. The members of the Provisional Government were seriously opposed to the Bolsheviks. Vyshinsky signed an order for the arrest of the head of the Bolsheviks. It was officially announced that he was suspected in connection with the Germans.

Difficult was the time in which crises occurredProvisional Government. Additional materials, various historical studies allow today to boldly assert that Lenin’s accusation was legitimate, since the Bolsheviks did indeed take money from the Germans. Only the question of time remains open, that is, when exactly did they begin to take them — at the beginning of the war or in 1916? The amount received from the Germans is also unknown. How many millions of German marks the Bolsheviks received for their revolution, whether Lenin personally accepted them, what conditions for receiving funds were not known. It is still argued whether the Brest world is connected with the receipt of this money or not. However, it is clear that in any case the money was serious. The accusation against Lenin was never considered, he managed to escape, first in Petrograd, and then in Finland. The rebel regiments were disbanded and disarmed. The death penalty was reinstated for disobedience at the front.

The power of the Bolsheviks. Third crisis

The August crisis of the Provisional Government waslast one. The Bolsheviks took heart and, in spite of everything, re-organized the uprising and seized power by armed means. The decision was taken at the 4th Party Congress. It was in early August 1917, Stalin was one of the main speakers. Let's take a closer look at how it all happened.

The Mutiny of Kornilov

August 27, Kornilov spoke against the interimauthorities, in response, he was recognized as a rebel. In Petrograd, martial law was imposed. The Bolsheviks called on the people to repel the rebels, the Red Guard detachments were created. It ended on September 2. Kornilov and his followers were arrested.

Arrest of the Provisional Government

However, Kornilov’s speech showed a split inruling circles, from which the Bolsheviks won. They used the war to gain power. On October 24, the Resolution to close all the Bolshevik newspapers was published, at 5.00 they were closed, several hours passed, and they returned again under the authority of the Bolsheviks. On October 25, the insurgents occupied the Nikolaevsky (Moscow) railway station, at 6:00 am - the State Bank, an hour later - the Central Telephone Station, at 1:00 pm - the Mariinsky Palace.

At 18.00 all forces gathered at the Winter Palace, an hour later an ultimatum was announced to the government, then they started firing from the Aurora. At 2 am, members of the Provisional Government were arrested, and power was transferred to the Soviets.

Thus, we see that in total there were 3 crises of the Provisional Government. Pay attention to the table below, it will help to understand the material.

Crises of the Provisional Government of 1917 Scheme-table: the reasons for the victory of the Bolsheviks

Scheme of the Bolsheviks coming to power

Difficult was the year 1917 for the people.The temporary government made many mistakes, which itself helped the Bolsheviks to take its place. Lenin, on the other hand, correctly headed for victory, was able to motivate people and tactfully present information. The path of the Bolsheviks was difficult and thorny, but they had their own beliefs and goals. The situation of 1917 once again shows that ideology is a very great force, the main thing is that it should be in the safe hands of competent and honest people acting out of good intentions.

We note once again what the Bolsheviks helpedwin: this is a difficult social situation in the country, wrong government policy, as a result of which its authority has fallen, competent and beautiful public speeches by the leader of the proletariat, the ability to convince and motivate people. If the Provisional Government tried to solve the problems of the people, did not tighten its policies, did not return the death penalty, did not get involved in the war, solved the agrarian and social problems, there would be no Kornilov revolt, then the Bolsheviks would not have made a coup .