In Russia, and in other countries, quite a lotunusual toponyms: Alaverdi, Yoshkar-Ola, Gus-Khrustalny and so on. There is an obvious question: how correctly to call the inhabitants of these settlements? For example, Kursk residents are Kursk citizens or Kurds? Our article will help to understand this issue.
What are toponyms and ethno-morphemes?
Before answering the main question of the article about the correct name of the inhabitants of Kursk and other cities, it is necessary to find out the meaning of some terms.
So, a place name means any geographical name. It can be the names of cities and villages, individual territories, forms of relief, rivers, seas, lakes, streets and so on.
С топонимами тесно связано и другое понятие - ethno-moron (derived from the Greek word "ethnos" - people). These are the names of residents of a particular locality or locality. And do not confuse ethno-morphemes with the names of nations, peoples or nationalities. This is a completely different concept.
Now we can approach the following question: how do residents of Kursk, Arkhangelsk or any other city are called? And how do you not make mistakes?
What are the residents of Kursk, Omsk, Arkhangelsk called?
The suffixes used for the formation of ethnohoronims are:
- -c-;
- -h-;
- -an-, -yann-;
- -chan.
The names of residents of cities and villages are always written together, regardless of the original toponym (for example: New York - New York).
Perhaps, it is not by accident that the Russian language is calledone of the most difficult to study. Some even argue that it is impossible to learn it - you only need to feel it. If we consider the most diverse variants of ethnohoronim, then it's not so hard to believe.
So, there are quite simple options.For example: Moscow - Muscovites, Kiev - Kiev, Paris - Parisians, etc. However, this is because many of the data are toponyms. But how to form ethno-bibles from such names of cities as Alaverdi, Oslo or Karlovy Vary? There is no way to do without the help of a philologist.
The suffix -c- in Russian is used forthe formation of ethnorhhoronyms, which originate from toponyms with endings -no, -eno, -ow, -evo. For example: the city of Ivanovo - the inhabitants of Ivanovo; the city of Domodedovo - the inhabitants of the housekeepers, etc. The suffix -h- refers to archaic ones, it is used only in the case of ancient Russian cities (Moscow-Muscovites, Tomsk-Tomichi, etc.).
If the names of settlements end in -sk, -kk or -sk, then, as a rule, suffixes -an, -yan, -chan (for example, Irkutsk-Irkutsk) are used for the formation of ethnohoronims.
But not all ethno-morphemes are formed bythis principle. So, in Russia there are many names of cities, for which it is very difficult to find the correct and correct form of the name of its population. By the way, Kursk residents also belong to this list of ethno-morphemes-exceptions.
How not to be mistaken in this situation?To do this, there are assistants - special dictionaries, compiled by literate philologists. So, in 2003 one of the following was published: "Russian names of inhabitants: a dictionary-directory".
Residents of Kursk: how to properly call them?
Kursk is an ancient city, once part of thecomposition of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. It was founded in 1032, and today it is an important industrial, transport and cultural and religious center of the European part of Russia. In the modern city there are about 430 000 people. Residents of the city of Kursk produce for the country plastic and rubber products, electrical equipment and food. Several research institutes and universities work here.
Residents of Kursk correctly and correctly call the Kurds (and not the Kurians). And the henman is a resident of a city of a male, and a hen - a female.
Some unusual ethno-morphemes
In some cities on the planet, women, figurativelyspeaking, and not at all glad. From these toponyms it is simply impossible to form ethno-morphemes of the feminine gender! Such "cities-sexophobes" are: New York (USA), Daugavpils (Latvia), Copenhagen (Denmark), Pereslavl-Zalessky (Russia).
Here is another list of some non-standard ethno-choronyms (Russian and foreign):
- Oslo: a donkey, a donkey;
- Cannes: canvas, canvas;
- Engels: Engelsites, Engelsites;
- Yaya: the egg, the egg;
- Arkhangelsk: Archangel of the city, archangel;
- Omsk: Omsk, omichka;
- Rzhev: rzhevityanin, rzhevityanka;
- Torzhok: the Novator, the Novotork.
Conclusion
Now you know what the residents of Kursk call.It should be noted once again that there is no single rule for the formation of words-ethno-choronyms in the Russian language. For each variant (city) it is desirable to use a special dictionary.
