14 points Wilson briefly. What were the 14 points of Wilson? Analysis of Woodrow Wilson's 14 points

Wilson's 14 points are theses expressed by the 28th President of the United States. They formed the basis of the draft peace treaty, the purpose of which was to end the First World War.

One of the great presidents of the United States

Томас Вудро Вильсон (1856–1924) был 28 President of the United States. The first term of his rule, which fell on the years 1916-1921, was held under the slogan "He saved us from the war." Wilson in every way prevented the participation of the United States in the First World War.

For his efforts to end the warand the signing of the Peace of Versailles in 1919 Woodrow Wilson is awarded the Nobel Prize. But we must immediately stipulate the fact that the US Senate refused to ratify the Versailles Treaty of 1919. And it turns out that in fact the 14 points of Wilson, briefly presented as the “charter of the world”, really turned out to be utopia, as David Lloyd George (British Prime Minister) and Georges Clemenceau (French Prime Minister) also characterized them.

Wilson Business Card

This major historian and political scientist remained in the memorypeople, and because he was the creator of the Federal Reserve. After this fundamental reform of the country's polity, the only money the United States has become is the Federal Reserve Note. In the future, only John Kennedy attempted to print new money.

But there are such documents that remain instories as a business card policy. An example could be Churchill's Fulton speech, which marked the beginning of the Cold War with the USSR. On January 8, 1918, the President of the United States addressed the congress with a speech in which he outlined his vision of the war and its goals. This speech remained in history as the famous 14 points of Wilson. In essence, this was the answer of the West to the Lenin Decree on Peace, completely unacceptable to him. All countries wanted peace, but their approach to the problem was antagonistic.

From world to war

Wilson’s 14 points rested on the belief thatThe current system of the world order does not suit the majority of the inhabitants of the planet, and the “poison of Bolshevism,” seizing countries, is nothing more than a protest against it. Speech to the congress was delivered during his second term. The United States decided to participate in the war, citing the alleged danger to the country. The United States, through the mouth of its president, stated that the essence of Wilson’s 14 points is the American peace program, and that they have the right to establish a new world order.

The true essence of the document

But the leading European powers, considering the “peacefulprogram of utopia, were convinced that the true goal of the United States, veiled by the "struggle for peace" - is always the desire of overseas powers to be a global leader, by eliminating competitors by any means.

And in the Soviet political literature this speechwas called "hypocritical", and the definition of the essence completely coincided with the opinion of French and British analysts. All that Wilson's 14 points consisted in was the establishment by the United States of its own world domination with more than successful use of the evils of the countries involved in World War I.

Hate covered by care

Moreover, communism no longer roamed Europe, butstride by leaps and bounds, and the ideas of achieving a just peace and the implementation of democratic reforms attracted an increasing number of supporters to it. Wilson's 14 points is an attempt to seize the initiative from the Bolsheviks. If Russia remained in the orbit of imperialism, maybe there would be no speech at all. And although in the 6th paragraph devoted to Russia, Germany declared the liberation of all the occupied Russian territories and giving our country the right to choose political development, and the “community of free nations” was charged with a “warm welcome” of Russia into its ranks, further US intervention against the Soviet Republic clearly demonstrated to the world the true state of affairs.

The essence of the first points

The hypocritical essence of the document, called "14 pointsWoodrow Wilson ”, later supplemented by 4 principles and 4 specifications, can be understood by penetrating them. So what is their essence? The first point was declared a comprehensive openness of peace negotiations.

Any secret, backstage interstateagreements and diplomatic agreements were categorically not allowed. The second paragraph provided for unrestricted maritime navigation, both in times of peace and war, with certain reservations. The third condition of the “14 points of Woodrow Wilson” document is the elimination of any possible barriers to equal international trade. Of course, between countries that support the world.

Idealist or adventurer?

The fourth point in general looked fantastic -general disarmament within national security. It should be noted right away that the idea of ​​general disarmament was first expressed by Nicholas II, and not by the Americans, who, according to their children's literature, flew first into space.

The fifth point envisaged the destruction of colonialism as such. The sixth, dedicated to Russia, was discussed in the article above.

Purposeful collapse of empires

The seventh point stipulated a complete exemption.and the restoration of Belgium. The eighth paragraph declared the withdrawal of the occupation of all French territories and the return of Alsace-Lorraine, which Prussia had owned for 50 years, to her. The establishment of clear boundaries of Italy was devoted to the 9th paragraph. The 10th envisaged wide autonomy of the peoples of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.

Not bypassed this document and the Balkans -the liberation of Romania, Montenegro and Serbia was declared the 11th paragraph. In the 12th, after the collapse of Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire collapsed, and also provided for complete autonomy to the peoples within it, and the transfer of Dardanelles under international jurisdiction. The creation of a free and independent Poland was declared the 13th item.

Neglect of reality

The last line was dedicated to the creationequal commonality of the united nations. Based on the foregoing, it can be argued that the "14 points of Wilson" should briefly be described as a "charter of the world". You can be glad for the Americans that 28 their president was an unprecedented fighter for peace throughout the world and deservedly won the Nobel Prize. And the fact that Great Britain lived then at the expense of India and released it only in 1936, and there could be no question of any collapse of the colonial system, such realities were not taken into account.

Sincerity?

Конечно, можно допустить мысль, что сам Вудро Wilson, sincerely wishing for happiness, peace and prosperity for his country, created these most of his beautiful-hearted theses that formed the basis of the Versailles Peace Treaty, sincerely believing in their rightness and feasibility. Although it is unlikely. But his friend, the closest adviser and assistant Colonel E. House, in his comments on the document spoke frankly, tough and rather cynical about the possibility of their implementation. But we must stipulate that after the Senate did not accept the Versailles Treaty, Wilson abruptly left politics after the expiration of his second term.

Screen Document

So what were the 14 points of Wilson? You can read and enthusiastic statements about this document, he is even credited with the basis of the international political sphere.

And why such a wonderful document was notratified by the US Senate? Still, most researchers from different countries believe that the “peace program” veiled the desire of the United States to establish its hegemony in international politics, and each item pursued a specific goal of weakening strong international players, such as Great Britain, France, Japan, Turkey and Italy.

The cunning foe of Russia

Establishing a new world order orof a unipolar world, where the United States will be the chief ruler of the fate of all countries — only Wilson’s 14 points were sent to this, the analysis of which leads to a single conclusion: they were meant to disguise the aggressive policy of the States. They needed such a policy primarily because of the victory of the socialist revolution in Russia.