Most people after acquiring landThe plot plans to build a country house, a commercial establishment or a building of a certain functional purpose on it. What documents are needed for such a transaction? First of all, the plan with the size, location of buildings and communications, both ground and underground. For registration of such documentation, a topographical survey of the site is carried out, which provides complete information about the features of the area and its geographic coordinates.
The exceptions here areagricultural land, as they are usually bought or rented for the subsequent cultivation of various crops and their sale at retail outlets. However, in some cases, even with such land use, it is recommended to take a topographic survey in order to determine the conditional zero point. In relation to it, the site will be examined for geographical features, such as ravines, hills, ditches and others.
Topographical survey - what is it?
For accurate plot plans orThe original map of the area is carried out a certain set of works, which is called topographical survey. All obtained measurements comply with the standard and are provided in the form of generally accepted GOST 22268-76.
There are three types of ground surveys:
- planned;
- high altitude;
- combined.
For example, the horizontal (planned) determines the coordinates of the terrain in relation to the surface of the Earth, the vertical - the height of these points.
Topographical survey allows you to measure the exact distance of a particular area, its angles and so on. To perform this work use special tools.
Topographic surveys
Based on the scale today there are the following types of surveys:
- Poderevnaya - is carried out when landscaping, indicating the exact location of growing trees on the plan of the site.
- 1: 200 - super large. It is used in the construction of construction sites and allows you to get the most accurate dimensions of the various buildings and other elements that are present on it.
- 1: 500 - "five hundred". This view is used to compile detailed drawings and a general layout for the location of utilities that run along the construction site.
- 1: 2000 - this scale of topographic survey is used to create plans and schemes of settlements (townships and urban neighborhoods) and large industrial enterprises.
Types of topographic survey depending on the technological process
Topographic survey can be divided into types, taking into account the equipment used during these works:
- theodolitic - a complex of ground surveys intended for obtaining metric data is performed using range finders and theodolite;
- stereotopographic - is characterized by obtaining primary information when using a stereo pair;
- bussol topographical survey made by equipment such as rangefinders and compass;
- Monzulnaya - performed with the aid of a kipregel and scales;
- aerial photography - allows you to get a photographic image using aircraft;
- digital - the process of obtaining an optical image, which is subsequently transmitted to a specific carrier;
- Sonar survey allows you to get information about the bottom of various reservoirs, performed by sonar.
The purpose of the survey and geodetic works
Before construction is requiredgeodetic works, and also the subsequent shooting are carried out. The first are needed to obtain accurate indicators of distances, heights and angles, determine the area of the site, its boundaries and geographical coordinates. But professional topographic survey is carried out with the aim of creating maps and schemes of construction and other sites. With it, you can build an accurate digital 3D-model of the area. The most commonly used shooting large scale. Thanks to her, it became possible to design landscape designs, update master plans and draw up drawings.
Topographic Survey Procedure
If the construction site is necessary to holdgeodetic works, then you should know the procedure for conducting such a procedure in order to competently perform all the necessary training. The topographic survey consists of several successive stages:
- Preparatory. The contract is concluded, the necessary documentation is prepared and the relevant authorities are visited in order to obtain permission to perform these works.
- Field. At this stage, shooting is performed.
- The final one is the final step in which a technical report and plan is drawn up, and the work is completed.
As can be seen from the last stage, the customer afterperforming all the necessary manipulations gets a ready topographical plan and a detailed report. It is important to know that the total cost and quality of surveying is completely dependent on the features of the site’s topography and its area; therefore, it is recommended to order preliminary geodetic services in full. Only in this case, the results of the work will facilitate the specialists to perform subsequent surveys.
