The Decembrist uprising of 1825 is one offew events in the history of our country, which is known to all its inhabitants. In general, almost everyone imagines what it was for the event, what caused it and how it ended. Many historians have dedicated their activities to the study of this amazing period.
And all because the Decembrist uprising hadenormous influence on the development of the country, and some believe that many of today's events are a consequence of what happened on Senatskaya Square.
Прежде всего, стоит упомянуть причины восстания Decembrists. And here, of course, it is impossible not to recall the war of 1812, or rather the subsequent victorious marches of Russian officers across Europe. During this journey, many of them imbued with ideas that have long been commonplace in the same France. Under the influence of new trends, they reconsidered their attitude to the state system in our country, and indeed to the situation as a whole.
The overthrow of the monarchy was associated with many ofthey are with changes for the better, in particular with the abolition of serfdom, as well as the introduction of universal education. Already in the 13-14 years of the nineteenth century, secret societies called "artels" began to form. At the beginning of 1916, two large artels united: the Semenovsky Regiment and the Sacred. The new society is called the Union of Salvation. The creator of this union was Alexander Muravyov, and active members were Ivan Yakushkin, Nikita Muravyev, Sergey Trubetskoy, and later Pestel joined them. The purpose of the Union of Salvation was to reform the system of governance of the country and the abolition of serfdom. Many of its members were representatives of Masonic lodges, which could not but affect the rituals of a secret society.
Однако просуществовало это объединение очень не long, already in the fall of 17, it disintegrated due to internal disagreements. And only a few months later, in January 1918, a new society, the Union of Welfare, was founded, and it existed until the age of 21. All its members were obliged to conduct active social life, tried to occupy high positions and educated the population. And in 1921, after rumors that the government became aware of the union, a fateful decision was made on the formal dissolution of society.
This allowed to get rid of random people.On this basis, new societies were formed: the Southern in Ukraine and the Northern in St. Petersburg. The Northern Society was led jointly by Trubetskoy, Nikita Muravyov and Ryleev.
А вот спровоцировало восстание декабристов крайне difficult political situation in the country. In connection with the death of Alexander I there was an ambiguous situation. According to seniority, the throne was to pass to Constantine. However, he had long since abandoned the throne, and Nicholas was to take his place. However, his popularity in the country was low, and supporters of Constantine convinced him also to write a refusal. After that, on November 27, 1825, many swore allegiance to the Emperor Constantine. He was in no hurry to confirm his refusal from the throne, but he was in no hurry to accept it. Waiting was delayed, and Nicholas decided to crown himself. The oath was set for December 14th. It was decided to coincide with the uprising for this event.
It was planned to bring to the Senate Square shelvesguardsmen and sailors, to seize the imperial family and force the Senate to announce the Popular Manifesto, and then proclaim the establishment of the interim government.
However, everything went wrong from the very beginning.Of denunciations, Nicholas already knew about the planned uprising. In this connection, the oath was postponed to 7 am on the same day. That is, when the Decembrists came to the square, Nikolai was actually already the emperor. In addition, Trubetskoy, who was appointed leader of the uprising, did not appear on the square. Yes, and they managed to gather troops only 2 hours after the appointed time.
By this time, Senate Square wastightened government forces, whose number is 4 times higher than the Decembrists. Nikolai was afraid of the unrest of the crowd. A little later, the artillery was pulled up to the square, which decided the outcome of the battle. After several shots of canister, the Decembrists fled, and took to the ice of the Neva. The leadership made another trip to organize the retreating, but they were constantly fired from guns, and many drowned in the Neva. Even more corpses and wounded were dumped into the river at night.
The uprising of the Decembrists was crushed. Almost 600 people were arrested in this case, but only 289 were found guilty. Five of them were hanged, the rest were sent to Siberia.
The reason that the Decembrist uprising of December 14, 1925 failed, was in many respects the inconsistency of the actions of its participants.
