Physiology is the science of how to function.organs and systems of living organisms. What does the science of physiology study? More than any other biological science, it studies biological processes at an elementary level in order to explain how each individual organ and the body as a whole work.
The concept of "physiology"
As one famous physiologist Ernest saidStarling, the physiology of today is the medicine of tomorrow. Human physiology is the science of the mechanical, physical, and biochemical functions of man. This is the science that serves as the basis for modern medicine. As a discipline, it is related to areas such as medicine and health care, and provides the basis for understanding how the human body adapts to stress, illness, and physical activity.
Modern research in the field of physiologypeople contribute to the emergence of new ways to ensure and improve the quality of life, the development of new medical treatments. The basic principle that is the basis for studying human physiology is the maintenance of homeostasis through the functioning of complex control systems covering all levels of the hierarchy of human structure and functions (cells, tissues, organs and organ systems).
Human physiology
Human physiology as a sciencethe study of mechanical, physical and biochemical functions of a person in good health, his organs and cells, of which they consist. The main level of attention of physiology is the functional level of all organs and systems. Ultimately, science gives an idea of the complex functions of the organism as a whole.
Anatomy and physiology are closely related.between themselves by areas of research, anatomy studies forms, and physiology studies functions. What does the science of human physiology study? This biological discipline is concerned with the study of how the body functions in a normal state, as well as examines possible body dysfunctions and various diseases.
What does the science of physiology study?Physiology answers questions about how the body works, what happens when a person is born and develops, how the body's systems adapt to stress, such as exercise or extreme environmental conditions, and how the body's functions change. with painful conditions. Physiology affects functions at all levels, from nerves to muscles, from the brain to hormones, from molecules and cells to organs and systems.
Human body systems
Human physiology as a science studies functionsorgans of the human body. The constitution includes several systems that work together for the normal functioning of the whole organism. Some systems are interconnected, and one or more elements of one system can be part of or serve another.
There are 10 major body systems:
1) The cardiovascular system is responsible for pumping blood through the veins and arteries. Blood must enter the body, constantly producing fuel and gas for organs, skin and muscles.
2) The gastrointestinal tract is responsible for the processing of food, its digestion and its conversion into energy for the body.
3) The reproductive system is responsible for reproduction.
4) The endocrine system consists of all the key glands responsible for secretion production.
5) The covering system is the so-called"Container" for the body to protect internal organs. Its main organ, the skin, is covered with a large number of sensors that transmit external sensory signals to the brain.
6) The musculoskeletal system: the skeleton and muscles are responsible for the overall structure and shape of the human body.
7) The respiratory system is represented by the nose, trachea and lungs and is responsible for breathing.
8) The urinary system helps the body get rid of unwanted waste.
9) Nervous system: a network of nerves connects the brain with the rest of the body. This system is responsible for the feelings of a person: sight, smell, taste, touch and hearing.
10) The immune system protects or triesprotect the body from illness and disease. If foreign bodies enter the body, the system begins to produce antibodies to protect the body and destroy unwanted guests.
Who and why you need to know the physiology of man?
What the science of human physiology studies maybe an exciting topic for doctors and surgeons. In addition to medicine, other areas of knowledge are also affected. Human physiology data is important for sports professionals, such as a trainer and a physiotherapist. In addition, within the framework of the world practice of medicine, various types of therapy are applied, for example, massage, where it is also important to know how the body works so that the treatment is as efficient as possible and brings only benefit and not harm.
The role of microorganisms
Microorganisms play a key role in nature.They make it possible to process materials and energy, they can be used as cellular "factories" for the production of antibiotics, enzymes and food products, they can also cause infectious diseases in humans (for example, infection by food), animals and plants. Their existence is directly dependent on the ability to adapt in a changeable environment, the availability of nutrients and light, an important role is also played by pH, such categories as pressure, temperature and many others.
The basis of the life of microorganisms and allthe rest of living beings are metabolism with the environment (metabolism). When studying such disciplines as the physiology of microorganisms, metabolism plays an important role. This is the process of building chemical compounds in the cell and their destruction in the course of activity to obtain the necessary energy and building elements.
Метаболизм включает в себя анаболизм (assimilation) and catabolism (dissimilation). The physiology of microorganisms studies the processes of growth, development, nutrition, methods of obtaining energy for the implementation of these processes, as well as their interaction with the environment.
