If you ask a farmer who adheres toprinciples of organic farming, about what kinds of soils exist, he will undoubtedly answer this question with knowledge of the matter. Understand or at least understand the difference in soils is the basis of its good harvests, the right (read - wise) approach to increasing fertility and ultimately the health and well-being of the whole family. Of course, with the modern technologies of agribusiness, the concept of "soil types" in the fields has lost some of its importance: the industrial method of growing plants is based on fertilizers, growth stimulants and other auxiliary "chemistry".
Quite a curious fact:despite the importance of land for humans, there is still no single global standard, so in each country the types of soils are interpreted in their own way. Of course, attempts to create a standard were - the "FAO Classification" and a newer "Abstractive Database of Soil Resources", but the issue was not completely resolved. As an example, one can recall the SI system: it seems to be a world-wide, universal, but in many countries miles, feet, etc. are still used. Studying the types of soils in Russia, one can face the fact that so far the old classification of the Soviet Union is used by many, 1977 year of publication. Few people know that it is based on the work of the Dokuchaev Soil Institute of 1967. All this despite the fact that in 2004 a radically updated edition of the "New Classification" was published.
Classifying soil types, you need to understand the differencebetween the terms "view" and "type". So, the soil type is a classification unit, indicating the differences in the intensity and intensity of the soil formation processes of the site under consideration, which are the basis for a more general subdivision into a genus, subtype and type. The latter, in turn, is the generalizing unit of classification that determines the sum of properties, based on the features of the processes and regimes of soil formation. Genetic horizons are also taken into account here.
So, there are the following types of soil:
- Peatlands. Very fertile.The features include the possible subsidence level and gradual bogging. Horse peat bogs, as a rule, give an acid reaction, so it must be taken into account and strive to restore the balance between alkali and acid. For example, for small areas, lime or ash can be added.
- Solonetses.The very name says that the soil contains a lot of salt (the same, food, NaCl). When the snow falls, moisture is retained for a long time, and after drying it becomes excessively strong. Without preparation to get a crop is difficult. Usually in the first year, plaster or lime is injected, and in the second year - fertilizer (manure).
- Sandy.Due to the increased sand content, such soil almost does not retain moisture and does not favor the formation of a layer of humus. Add humus (one 10-liter bucket per square meter) and occasionally clay that binds the particles.
- Clayey.It accumulates moisture, preventing the normal growth of plants. Usually it is acidified. Reduce the density of the addition of humus, turf, acid "extinguish" lime. During autumn digging, the beds are left large.
The main soil types are quite extensivelist. This includes chernozems, forest soils, meadow, steppe, sandy, brown, gray, etc. There is a simple folk way of determining the type: you need to take a handful of wet earth (there should be no dirt or rasshitya from dryness), roll a roundwood and try to connect the edges "In a bagel." I rolled, but crumbled - sandy loamy soil. It does not roll at all - sand prevails. The "bagel" is cracked - it means loam. Everything is ideally rolled down and connected - clay soil. Once again, we draw your attention to the fact that such an experiment must be performed at the optimum humidity.
