The coat of arms and flag are the unchanged symbols of anymodern state. The beginnings of heraldry appeared in antiquity, in the Middle Ages it became the property of every noble house, and in the New time it was firmly established as a mandatory attribute of all countries of the world.
In terms of its own symbolism was notwith the exception of the RSFSR, a state formation that existed from 1917 to 1991. It was the forerunner of the modern Russian Federation. But, before considering the attributes of this republic, let's see what it was. How is the RSFSR?
RSFSR - Republic of the Soviet Union
The birth of the RSFSR can be attributed to 1917, whenafter victory during the October revolution in the country, the Bolsheviks came to power. True, the original name of the new state was somewhat different - the Russian Soviet Republic (RSR) or the Russian Federative Republic (RDF). The name of the RSFSR was formalized July 19, 1918, after the entry into force of the Constitution. Then a large number of other innovations were introduced. For example, in the same 1918, the capital of the RSFSR was changed. She moved from Petrograd to Moscow.
Since 1922, Russia is on a par with other republicsIt became part of the USSR, where it remained until its collapse in 1991. This ended the period of the RSFSR, the era of the Russian Federation. It lasts until today.
Explanation of the abbreviation of the RSFSR
But as the RSFSR stands for?Since 1918, this abbreviation was read as the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic. In 1936, the word order was changed. Since then, the name stands for the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic.
State flag
One of the main symbols of the state isNational flag. It is with this attribute that any country is primarily associated. The national flag of the RSFSR during its existence has undergone several significant modifications.
Post-revolutionary flag
Immediately after the Bolshevik Revolution, the role ofThe state flag claimed an absolutely red banner without additional images and inscriptions on it. True, this fact was not fixed by any official document.
The Constitution, adopted in 1918, wasindicated that the national flag of the country will be a red cloth, in the upper left corner of which is the inscription "RSFSR" embroidered in golden letters. At that time, there was no more accurate description of the alleged banner in the main law of the country.
In 1920, the resolution of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee wasgiven a more detailed description. Including indicated that the inscription "RSFSR" should be framed by a golden rectangle. This form was valid until 1937.
The banner of the era of Stalin
The adoption of the new Constitution in 1937 introducedsome adjustments to the national flag of the RSFSR. The talented artist Milkin A.N. was engaged in the development of the new version. In particular, the golden frame was removed, and the font for writing letters was changed from stylized to Old Slavonic to ordinary. This form of the flag was officially applied for seventeen years, including during the years of the Great Patriotic War.
Flag (1954 - 1991)
In 1954, the official banner of the RSFSR was a radicalredesigned way. For the implementation of the new project took the artist V.P. Viktorov. Now the flag included the official symbolism of the USSR - the hammer and sickle, as well as the five-pointed star, which were located in the upper left edge. In addition, at the flagstaff there was a light blue stripe. The main background of the flag has remained consistently red. All the inscriptions from the cloth disappeared.
This official version of the banner existed much longer than others (37 years) and was replaced only in 1991 with the flag of the Russian Federation.
National emblem
Along with the flag of the most important nationalemblem is considered the emblem. This attribute has entered modern heraldry since the Middle Ages. The RSFSR also had its own coat of arms, and during its existence it underwent no less changes than the flag.
The first seal of the RSFSR
The coat of arms of the RSFSR was developed from the beginning of 1918.year by a special commission. Immediately there was a large number of proposals. Most of all, the commission was satisfied with the version of the artist Alexander Leo. In his performance, the emblem was represented by an image in the center of which were placed the crossed sickle, hammer and sword. Below was supposed to be the inscription: "The Council of People's Commissars." But V.I. Lenin proposed to abandon the sword, which wanted to emphasize the peaceful nature of the future communist society. He also expressed a desire to replace the inscription with the motto: "Proletarians of all countries, unite."
In the final version of the coat of arms of the RSFSR in 1918It was a symbol in the form of a circle, on which crossed sickle and hammer on a red shield were depicted in the rays of the rising sun and in the frame of grain ears.
Coat of arms (1925 - 1978)
Already in 1920, it was decided to improve the coat of arms of the RSFSR.Immediately over this work was begun, headed by the artist N. A. Andreev. First of all, the full inscription "Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic" was replaced by an abbreviation. In addition, the coat of arms ceased to have a completely rounded shape, the ears of corn framed it completely, and not just a red shield with a sickle and a hammer. Some other smaller graphical changes have been made.
Finally this form was fixed inConstitution of 1925. In this form, the coat of arms existed almost unchanged until the collapse of the Soviet Union. The exception was one small but important detail, which will be discussed below.
Another change in the coat of arms
In 1978, a new constitution was introduced.In connection with its adoption, it was decided to bring the coat of arms of the RSFSR to the All-Union standard. This was expressed in the addition of just one detail, namely, the five-pointed star in the upper part of the shield, in the place where the grain of wheat intertwined.
No more changes in symbolism to the verythe collapse of the USSR was not carried out. But even after the creation of an independent Russian Federation, the coat of arms of the RSFSR served as the basis for its attributes until December 1993, when the two-headed eagle was adopted as a state symbol. Until that time, the only difference between the emblem of the new state and the emblem of the union republic was only a change of the inscription with the name of the country at the top of the shield. Nevertheless, there is absolutely nothing left of Soviet times in the heraldry of the modern Russian state.
Outcomes
Over the years of the existence of the RSFSR as an integral partThe Soviet Union's flag and emblem of this state entity experienced significant external changes. This was due to the desire to bring the symbolism of the individual republics to the all-union standards. One should single out the predominant importance of the attributes of the communist movement in the elements of the coat of arms and flag of the RSFSR.
