Earthquakes are a terrible natural phenomenon,which can bring many troubles. They involve not only destruction, because of which there may be human casualties. The resulting catastrophic tsunami waves can lead to even more disastrous consequences.
For which areas of the earthquake earthquakepose the greatest danger? To answer this question, you need to look at where the active seismic regions are located. These are zones of the earth's crust, which are more mobile than the surrounding regions. They are located on the boundaries of lithospheric plates, where collisions or expansion of large blocks of the earth's crust occur. It is the shifts in the powerful strata of rocks that cause earthquakes.
Dangerous regions of the world
On the globe several belts are distinguished, which are characterized by a high frequency of underground impacts. These are seismically dangerous areas.
The second large seismic belt extends alongthe high young mountains of Eurasia from the Alps and other mountains of Southern Europe and to the Sunda Islands through Asia Minor, the Caucasus, the mountains of Central and Central Asia and the Himalayas. There is also a collision of lithospheric plates, which causes frequent earthquakes.
The third belt stretches across the entire Atlanticocean. This is the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, which is the result of the expansion of the earth's crust. This zone includes Iceland, known primarily for its volcanoes. But earthquakes here are not rare.
Seismically active regions of Russia
On the territory of our country there are alsoearthquake. Seismically active regions of Russia are the Caucasus, Altai, the mountains of Eastern Siberia and the Far East, the Commander Islands and the Kurile Islands, Fr. Sakhalin. Here, tremors of great strength can occur.
One can recall the Sakhalin earthquake of 1995year, when two thirds of the population of the Neftegorsk settlement perished under the rubble of the destroyed buildings. After carrying out the rescue work, it was decided to not restore the village, and resettle the inhabitants to other settlements.
In 2012-2014, several earthquakes occurred in the North Caucasus. Fortunately, their outbreaks were at great depths. There were no casualties and no serious damage.
Seismic Map of Russia
The map shows that the most dangerousseismic respect areas lie in the south and east of the country. At the same time, the eastern parts of the territory of Russia are inhabited relatively poorly. But in the south, earthquakes are much more dangerous for people, since here the population density is higher.
Krasnoyarsk, Novosibirsk, Irkutsk, Khabarovsk and some other large cities are in the danger zone. These are active seismic regions.
Anthropogenic earthquakes
Seismically active regions of Russia occupyapproximately 20% of the country's territory. But this does not mean that the rest is fully insured against earthquakes. The tremors by force of 3-4 points are noted even far from the boundaries of the lithospheric plates, in the center of the platform areas.
With the development of the economy increasesthe possibility of anthropogenic earthquakes. They are most often caused by the collapse of the roof of underground cavities. Because of this, the earth's crust is, as it were, shaken, almost like a real earthquake. And there are more and more cavities and cavities under the ground, for people for their needs extract oil and natural gas from the bowels, pump water, build mines for the extraction of solid minerals ... And underground nuclear explosions are comparable in general to natural earthquakes in its strength.
The collapse of rock layers in itself canto pose a danger to people. After all, in many areas, voids are formed just below populated areas. The latest events in Solikamsk only confirmed this. But even a weak earthquake can lead to terrible consequences, because as a result of it buildings that are in an emergency condition, dilapidated housing, in which people continue to live, can collapse ... Also, the failure of the integrity of rock layers threatens the mines themselves, where debris can occur.
What to do?
Prevent such a formidable phenomenon asearthquake, people can not yet. And even to accurately predict when and where it will happen, too, have not learned. So, you need to know how to protect yourself and loved ones during tremors.
Людям, живущим в таких опасных районах, нужно always have an action plan in case of an earthquake. Since the element can find family members in different places, there should be an agreement on a meeting place after the cessation of shocks. The dwelling should be as secure as possible from the fall of heavy objects, the furniture is best attached to the walls and the floor. All residents should know where you can immediately turn off the gas, electricity, water, to avoid fires, explosions and electric shocks. Ladders and walkways should not be cluttered with things. Documents and some set of products and essentials should always be at hand.
Starting from kindergartens and schools, the population needs to be taught the right behavior in a natural disaster, which will increase the chances of salvation.
Seismically active regions of Russia imposespecial requirements for both industrial and civil construction. Earthquake-proof buildings are more difficult and more expensive to build, but the cost of their construction is nothing compared to saved lives. After all, not only those who are in such a building, but also those who are nearby will be safe. There will be no destruction and debris - there will be no casualties.
