The amazing nature of the Voronezh region, withrivers Don, Usmanka, Voronezh, attracts a large number of animals. The temperate climate, with rainy and cool summers and relatively mild winters, makes living in this area a favorable number of animals. In the Voronezh region mixed forest-steppe and steppe zone.
Wildlife of the Voronezh region
The fauna of the Voronezh region is rich and diverse.There are not only large animals, such as moose, boar, roe deer, red deer and wolves. But also various forest-steppe animals, such as weasels, shrews and bats. Nowhere in the world is there such a unique animal as a desman, which has chosen the Voronezh region as a home since ancient times.
In the open steppe territories live strepety,bustard and woodchucks. The red-bait marmot was almost completely exterminated in the 30s of the 20th century, but later its population was restored. Now in the south of the region lives a large number of marmots, their numbers have been fully restored.
A variety of birds in the vast areait is represented by seagulls, storks, marsh and wild sparrows, swifts and pigeons. Rare species of birds have also chosen this land. Golden eagles, white-tailed eagles and black swans live in the reserves.
Beavers, otters, bullies andmuskrats And in the rivers - marsh turtles and frogs side by side with the most diverse fish. Bream, perch, catfish and carp are found along with the sterlet and burbot, listed in the Red Book.
In cities and smaller settlements alsosome animals from the Voronezh Region, listed in the Red Book, have found shelter. Bats, martens, weasels, ringed turtle doves, sows, black swans and white storks. Numerous representatives of birds, such as sparrows, crows, pigeons and starlings, became permanent residents.
The animal world of the Voronezh region counts to70 species of mammals, 10 species of amphibians and 9 species of reptiles, 290 species of birds and over ten thousand insects, 50 species of fish. Some species of animals need protection and are listed in the Red Book.
Dangerous relationship
The laws of nature can not be violated, because irreparable things can happen. Our land requires a reverent and respectful attitude to nature on the part of man.
But unfortunately, a person commits manymistakes. Disappearing animals of the Voronezh region - a vivid example. In many respects, the reduction of populations is associated with environmental problems that occur not only locally, but are global in nature. Urbanization and construction of plants and industries that pollute the environment, leads to the fact that wild animals of the Voronezh region disappear.
Violation of ecology in the Voronezh region
The problem with ecology has become pressing forthe territory of the Voronezh region, and not only because of the proximity to the ecologically dirty central regions of Russia. But also due to the fact that in large industrial cities such as Voronezh, Liski, Rossosh and others, there is a huge problem with insufficiently treated wastewater. Over the year, over 90 thousand tons of pollutants and by-products are discharged into wastewater.
The increasing pace of urbanization leads toair pollution. Exhaust gases from cars pollute the air to a greater extent (more than 90% of pollution comes from car emissions). And the construction of cities and their expansion leads to a reduction in the habitat of animals.
Landfill sites (including illegal ones) occupy more than 230 hectares. This factor also adversely affects the animal world of the Voronezh region.
Voronezh Reserve
To protect the environment and preserve the flora andFauna in the area organized reserves and game reserves. Unique places are taken under protection, and the animals of the Voronezh region, listed in the Red Book, are taken under special control.
To protect beaver and preserve its numbers inIn 1923 the Voronezh State Reserve was organized. Today it is complex, its area has increased to 31 thousand hectares. On its territory - more than 57 species of mammals. Two animals are listed in the Red Book of Russia. These are the Russian desman (which, by the way, has been living on this territory for more than 30 million years) and a giant evening party.
In the reserve, the number of hedgehogs is restored after the devastating frosts.
Also engaged in the restoration of the populationhare and white hare. The initial task - the care of the inhabitants of the beavers' reservoirs - in the reserve has long been done. The beaver was propagated and spread to many parts of the country.
Reserves of the Voronezh region
In the valley of the river Usman located Usmansky forestattractive in the animal world because there are no people on its territory. Thanks largely to this, the animals in the Voronezh Region, listed in the Red Book, have avoided complete extinction.
A unique animal - Russian desman - lives andin the Khopersky reserve, in the valley of the Khoper river. Its area is two times smaller than the Voronezh Reserve. On its territory, in addition to the preservation of the desman, they also cultivate spotted deer and bison brought from different parts of our country.
In the Voronezh region organized nine reserves. Hunting is allowed on their territory. Many monuments of nature, as well as natural complexes created by human hands.
Наравне с животными целая группа растений также Anxiously guarded by the authorities. Events are regularly held to protect nature, increase the culture of being in the forests. There is propaganda against water and air pollution. Numerous conservation measures are being taken to prevent the extinction of rare species in the animal world.
The appearance of the Red Book
Over the past two decades, humanity, for various reasons, has destroyed more than 200 species of animals. And in the middle of the XX century, scientists seriously thought about the preservation of animals and plants on earth.
The very appearance of the Red Book takes its beginning fromEducation of the International Union for Conservation of Nature in 1948. Zoologists, botanists and ecologists from all over the world have compiled, later published, lists of animals and plants that are on the verge of extinction. Since this was a danger warning, both the color and the name were appropriate. So the first Red Book appeared.
For each species, an expansion strategy was developed.
All pages of the Red Book are multicolored. Each color indicates what stage a particular species is at:
- Red color indicates animals or plants, the danger of the extinction of which is especially great in the near future.
- On the yellow pages are animals whose numbers are steadily declining, and in the very near future human intervention will be required to save them.
- White pages speak of the rarest species in the world.
- Green pages are occupied by animals and plants, whose population is already safe, they have already managed to be saved.
- Gray color was taken for little-studied and unknown species.
Red Book in the Voronezh Region
In the Soviet Union, the first Red Book was published 30 years after the creation of the International Red Book. And in Russia, she went to press in 2001.
In the Red Book of the Voronezh region, created in2008, introduced rare and endangered species of plants and animals. Some species are so unique that they live only on the territory of the local reserves. The book depicts the animals themselves in the Red Book of the Voronezh Region, a description of their behavior and habitats are also presented. In the first volume, only plants, lichens and fungi are listed. In the second - animals (only 384 species). Some animals of the Voronezh region, listed in the Red Book, are also in the Red Book of Russia.
List of endangered and disappeared animals of the Voronezh region
Probably disappeared (with the designation 0) are:
- 8 species of fish (Azov Beluga, Russian and Black Sea-Azov sturgeon, stellate sturgeon, Black Sea-Azov herring, Russian swiftfish, star-shaped dumbbells and Black Sea trout);
- 5 species of birds (steppe shepherd, large curlew, steppe kestrel, Kosach, and nimble cone).
More endangered animals, category 1 assigned to them:
- 2 species of fish (common minnow, common bullhead);
- 15 bird species (avdotka, black stork, osprey, field and steppe harrier, kurgannik, steppe eagle, small and large spotted eagle, burial ground, saker falcon, peregrine falcon, strepet, steppe lark, owl)
- 2 types of reptiles (patterned snake, steppe viper).
Hazardous species, with a declining population, are designated category 2:
- 3 species of fish (sturgeon, Azov-Black Sea Shemaya, bersh);
- 8 species of birds (Piskulka, kulik-magpie, snipe, roller roller, serpent eagle, red-footed falcon, little owl, clintukh);
- 2 species of mammals (dressing, Russian desman).
Rare animals are indicated in the Red Book by category 3:
- 3 types of fish (carp, white-headed gudgeon, common fish);
- 2 species of amphibians (Gray Toad, Common Frog);
- 26 видов птиц (серый гусь, лебедь-кликун, малая gull, white-eyed tern, small tern, stilt, herbalist, guardian, large spindle, white stork, common boar, European Tuvik, eagle-dwarf, golden eagle, white-tailed eagle, Common Kestrel, Gray Crane, bustard, wild horse, brood and the gray shrike, the sprinkler, is desirable, small and gray-eyed grebe);
- 7 species of mammals (river otter, mink, polecat, steppe, giant giant, small hedgehog, common mole, common squirrel);
- 5 species of reptiles (creeper, common copperfish, viviparous lizard, Nikolsky's viper, marsh turtle).
Not just a book
To preserve the animal and plant world,its harmonious development, it is not enough just one Red Book. The efforts of all people, the entire population of the planet to mitigate the ecological situation are needed.
And in order to reduce environmental pollution, not only in the Voronezh region, but throughout the world, it is necessary to resolve the increasingly acute issue of waste management.
Conclusion
It is necessary to take care of nature - take care of plants and animals. Love the world around us and study it. And then the rare animals of the Voronezh region will not disappear from the face of the earth.
