Проблема познания в истории философии имеет great importance. Such thinkers as Jung and Kant made the greatest contribution to its study. Any human activity is somehow connected with knowledge. It is the ability to make us what we are now.
Problems of knowledge in philosophy
It is worth starting with the fact that knowledge is understood aspurposeful active mapping of the surrounding reality in the human mind. In the course of this process, previously unknown facets of being are revealed, not only the external but also the internal side of things is exposed to research. The problem of knowledge in philosophy is also important for the reason that a person can be not only a subject, but also his object. That is, people often study themselves.
In the process of learning become knowncertain truths. These truths can be available not only to the subject of knowledge, but also to someone else, including subsequent generations. Transmission occurs primarily with the help of various kinds of material carriers. For example, with the help of books.
The problem of knowledge in philosophy is based onthat a person can learn the world not only directly, but also indirectly, by studying someone's work, work, and so on. Education for future generations is an important task for the whole society.
The problem of knowledge in philosophy is viewed withdifferent points of view. It is about agnosticism and gnosticism. Gnostics for knowledge, as well as their future, are looking rather optimistic. They believe that the human mind will sooner or later be ready to learn all the truths of this world, which itself is knowable. The boundaries of the mind does not exist.
The problem of knowledge in philosophy can beconsidered from another point of view. Speech about agnosticism. Agnostic for the most part are idealists. Their thoughts are based on the belief that either the world is too complex and changeable to be known, or that the human mind is weak and limited. This limitation leads to the fact that many truths will never be revealed. It makes no sense to seek to know everything around, as it is simply impossible.
In itself, the science of knowledge is called epistemology. For the most part, it is based precisely on the positions of Gnosticism. Her principles are as follows:
- historicism. All phenomena and objects are considered in the context of their formation. As well as immediate occurrence;
- creative display activity;
- concreteness of truth. The bottom line is that truth can only be sought in specific conditions;
- practice. Practice is an activity that helps change a person’s world and himself;
- dialectic. It is about using its categories, laws, and so on.
As already mentioned, in knowledge the subject isman, that is, a creature that is endowed with sufficient intelligence, capable of mastering and using the arsenal of tools prepared by previous generations. The subject of knowledge can be called society itself as a whole. It is worth noting that a full-fledged cognitive activity of a person can only be within a society.
The object of knowledge is the surroundingthe world, or rather that part of it, to which the interest of the knower is directed. Truth is the identical and adequate reflection of the object of knowledge. In the event that the reflection is inadequate, the knower will receive not the truth, but a delusion.
Knowledge itself can be sensual eitherrational. Sensory knowledge is based directly on the senses (sight, touch, and so on), and rational - on thinking. Sometimes emit also knowledge intuitive. They speak about him when he manages to comprehend the truth on an unconscious level.
