Successful development of the company, stable positive financial and economic performance of its activities largely depends on what the structure of the company's capital.
In the economic literature, the term structurecapital is understood as the ratio between the borrowed (attracted) and the own capital of the organization, which are necessary for its sustainable development. The extent to which this ratio of capital is optimal depends on the overall implementation of the organization's long-term development strategy.
The structure of the concept of the organization's capital structure includes borrowed and net worth.
Own capital includes assets of the organization,which are used by it to create a certain part of the property of the organization and which belong to it on the basis of ownership. The structure of own capital includes the following components:
- additional capital (represented by costproperty, which was made by the founders in addition to the funds forming the authorized capital; this is the value that is formed when revaluing property as a result of changes in its value, as well as other revenues);
- retained earnings (maina means of accumulating the assets of the organization; is formed from gross profit after payment of the established profit tax, and also after deductions for other needs from this profit);
- Special purpose funds (part of the net profit that the organization directs to production or social development);
- Other reserves (such reserves are necessary in case of forthcoming large expenses, which are included in the cost of production or services).
The borrowed capital of the organization is represented byattracted funds or other property values on the basis of their return, which are necessary to finance the development of the organization. Typically, they include long-term bank loans, as well as loans on bonds.
It should be noted that the optimal structure of the organization's capital is the ratio of equity and debt, which can maximize the total cost of the organization.
In economic practice there is no clear recommendation,how to form the best structure of capital. On the one hand, it is generally accepted that the average price of borrowed capital is lower than its own. Consequently, an increase in the share of cheaper borrowed capital will reduce the weighted average cost of capital. However, in practice in this case it is possible to come down to the value of the firm, which depends on the market value of the organization's own capital.
Also, borrowing capital has a number ofrestrictions, and the growth of debt directly affects the ability to go bankrupt. In addition, the existing debt obligations significantly limit the freedom of action in dealing with finance.
Therefore, the organization's capital structure is a rather complex and unpredictable element of the financial component of the enterprise, requiring a competent and scrupulous approach to it.
