If an unusual growth has appeared on a tree, this means that the structure of this plant has undergone some strong changes.
One of the layers of any wood is socalled cambium. And such growths usually grow due to it. It turns out that the integrity of this cambium was in some way violated by certain natural conditions or mechanical damage.
This article focuses on this interesting phenomenon. After reading it, you can find out what are the growths on the trees, as they are called, and what is their meaning.
Causes of growths
Usually on plants they occur as a result of a sharp change in its development, with either a natural or anthropogenic cause.
Occasions are sometimes in the form of simply roundedform of formations, and there are also in the form of several cones that are next to each other. The latter is connected with the fact that when the integrity of the wood for some reason is violated, the tree tries to protect itself from various fungal diseases and insects, therefore, such an inconceivable form of formation grows.
Flora on trees: photo, name, general description
A cap (and capillary) is a growth on a tree withseverely deformed directions of wood fibers. Mostly there are round-shaped outgrowths on a branch or trunk. They are filled with small nodules of sleeping buds.
Capu grow, as noted above, due to the cambium.This is a kind of blemish. But besides caps there are also other types of growths: smooth (spherical shape) - suvel; irregularly shaped - cancer of the tree.
Some caps grow underground in the form of tumors.on the roots. Therefore, they are detected only after the death of the plant. Such basal growths on trees sometimes represent a few round (in the form of cones) protuberances, interconnected by rope-like roots. Capes are almost always covered with bark, even if they are underground (this is a natural defense against insects and diseases).
Some types of plants have huge growthssizes. For example, such can be on a sequoia. In 1984, a growth of inconceivable size on eucalyptus was discovered in Australia. It reached about 2 m in diameter and in height, and its strange shape resembled a trombone.
Types of growths
Such growths are found in almost allspecies of trees, but most of them on deciduous. Especially often they are found on oak, pine, birch and alder. In form, they can be completely different. Often there are growths on the tree in the form of mushrooms.
These formations are divided into two groups (according tothe arrangement of the fibers in them): ordinary, in which the pattern looks like neatly combed hair - suvel-shaft; drips with small, rounded and fancifully curved lace patterns - caps.
A cap formed on a tree trunk is called a stem, and a root is located at the root. The second is also called kapokorny. It is found in the forest much more often than the stem.
The most rare, durable and beautiful, and thereforeA branch burl (growth on tree branches) with relatively small dimensions (15 cm in diameter) and a needle-like structure are considered valuable. And the most common (less dense and valuable) is a radical root, sometimes reaching gigantic sizes. Nareste stem occupies an intermediate position between the above varieties.
Value, feature
Flora on the trees are the most diversein shape and size. The wood of caps in the following plants looks very beautiful: maple, cherry, pear. On the international market, a walnut growth is considered valuable. It should be noted that there have been cases when some of the textural caps were evaluated by weight of silver.
Most of the growths are smallsizes, but there are also specimens reaching 2 meters in diameter, and weighing more than one ton. And it often happened that education was completely amazing magical patterns.
Birch growths are much smaller in size than on a walnut tree. It happens that the beauty of their pattern, they are far superior to the latter.
Who would have thought that a common gnarly growth on a tree possesses such valuable properties!
Properties of burl wood
Cape wood has amazing, truly valuable properties:
• The natural uniqueness of the pattern on the cut, the uniqueness of the structure.
• Very high strength.
• Does not burn in free fire.
• Fine polished.
• Virtually no rot.
• Does not crack, does not dry out and does not swell.
Economic value and application
Growing on trees is a great benefit.Not the plant itself, no. They are used by man in the manufacture of various products. Capes are needed to produce unusual wood with a peculiar texture of fibers. Due to the variety of unique drawings this material is widely demanded and used by artists, cabinetmakers and sculptors.
There is a huge variety of famous andcommon types of cap used in the manufacture of veneer, beautiful interior items, board games, picture frames, household items, jewelry, etc. This wood is not very easy to process because of its unevenness and heterogeneity of fiber growth directions, but it is strong and durable.
The cap is widely used in decorative art. In Vyatka in the XIX century folk art craft was created: craftsmen made Vyatka drip caskets, desk writing sets, etc.
Research results
According to statistics, for 3,000 ordinary trees, without growths, on average there is one burl tree.
Since 1959, due to the value of suchwood, the biological research of forest genetics of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR began to study the biological study of caps and methods of their cultivation. Scientists have developed a technology of sowing and growing birch trees with caps. As a result, a huge grove was planted in the suburbs. And since 1967, planting of a similar birch began to be made in forestry enterprises of the Kirov region.
How to get a cap?
In any case, spoil a living tree in the forest because ofbeautiful cap is not worth it. Moreover, this natural anomaly is not so difficult to find - on trees in city parks, in gardens. Yes, and a large number of trees are cut down every year, on which can be found drip growths.
And yet ... In the case of an acute need, this should be done carefully and in the period from late autumn to early spring, when the movement of sap in the tree is slow.
Nares on the bark of a tree can be cut with a sharp knifeor cut down with a saw. Be sure to place the cut to be treated with hydrogen peroxide and cover with garden pitch. You can also smear the cut with linseed oil or fresh turpentine (natural antiseptic), however, today it is difficult to find.
And for gardeners, the following is important.To avoid the formation of ugly forms of growths on garden trees, it is necessary to inspect the plants more often. At detection of cracks and damages it is necessary to heal them until large caps are formed. In the gardens, it is desirable to treat all growths on trees and branches.
Conclusion
There were many opinions about the formation of caps.As a result, scientists have come to this conclusion. Cap is a biologically normal, protective phenomenon. Formation of growth on a tree is a natural inherited natural process.
In the course of numerous scientific observations wasfound that such plants are more healthy. Such a tree is more viable during the spring flood and during periods of frequent temperature changes. It is also more stable in the winds.
Due to the limited reserves of this type of wood and in connection with its unique properties described above, this material is of the greatest value among others.
The price on the world market for cap (veneer and solid) far exceeds the cost of any other material of this kind, including walnut, oak, mahogany, elm and any exotic species.
