Процессом адаптации называют изменение параметров vital functions of the organism, which are adequate to the changed external situation. Physiological adaptation is of two kinds - urgent and long. Sometimes these two species can pass one after another, sometimes separately.
When urgent adaptation to the body is affectedan unusual force that changes the response of the stimulus. The answer can be either of the whole organism or of one organ or system. Mainly physiological adaptation occurs due to the homeostatic system - its function is to regulate the work of various systems of organs. To begin, changes are initiated at the energy level, and then on the plastic one. Usually this is enough to make an adaptation at the physiological level, otherwise the mobilization of all body resources begins.
Urgent physiological adaptation in the firstthe queue activates the redundant structures. For example, the vital activity of the human body can easily be provided by one lung. In a state of relaxation and rest, the lungs work exactly at half their power, but when exposed to an unusual factor, air consumption increases at times. At the same time, a circulatory system is ready for use, which pumps and enriches oxygen six times the volume of blood than usual.
When the organ is overpricedrequirements, it starts to work more actively, and hence consumes more of the human body. This reserve reserve and provides the possibility of urgent physiological adaptation. In this case, the body spends an enormous amount of energy, which is clearly not enough in cells in the form of adenosine triphosphate. In order to make up for the lack of energy, there is a large consumption of oxygen to react with proteins, fats and carbohydrates.
Long-term physiological adaptation occursmost often with the systematic influence of the stimulus, its periodic occurrence. This happens in climbers, athletes, etc. As a result of such a permanent effect, the body produces the necessary adaptive mechanisms, the action of which does not fade, but is activated in the presence of an irritant factor. At the same time, there is no need to start adaptation on an urgent basis - the organism quite adequately perceives the stimulus, it already has an active supply of necessary parameters that do not allow the body to experience stress. That is why a quick run for a runner is a norm that supports his physical form, and for an untrained person there is a huge stress that can lead to serious consequences during adaptation.
Most often a person encounters in his life withlabor adaptation. Here it is necessary not only to consider the stage of socialization in a new collective, but also the perception by the human body of the changed environmental conditions. Moreover, even changing the daily routine (for example, an earlier rise than usual) can permanently lead the body out of its working state, until adaptive factors work at full strength. This also includes changing the diet, changing the diet, which can also negatively affect your health. It is especially hard for people who change their intellectual work to physical (and vice versa). In this case, the body will need a longer labor adaptation with the involvement of all systems and organs.
Адаптация человека происходит на различных этапах his life in various forms. In order for it to pass painlessly, you can apply a number of measures that increase the body's defenses, such as hardening. This is a great way not only to strengthen your health, but also to train your volitional qualities.
