Experts call Udmurt national costumethe brightest, lively and colorful among the peoples of Russia and former CIS countries. A typical color combination is white, black and red. In the national costume of the Udmurts, from the beginning of the 19th century, three complexes began to stand out:
- the northern costume was tricolor;
- southern - multicolor;
- Besermyan
Headgear of the northern complex
Udmurt women's costume has several options for headgear:
- cap;
- cover;
- towel;
- bandage.
Common girl's headdress - takya -canvas hat, which was decorated with coins and bucket. Children wore kotres takyu, she has a round shape, older girls - more elongated kazyales takyu. In addition to this, canvas headbands were also popular, which were necessarily decorated with ribbons, braids, embroidery or sequins. Scarves were spun from calico or white host. For the holidays, the girls wore painted cashmere or silk scarves. Married women wore colorfully embroidered head towels: yyr kotyr, vesyk kyshet. Men's hats did not differ in such diversity: in the summer they put on felted hats, in winter - sheepskin hats.
Southern hats
- Caps: pelkyshet.
- Headbands: yerkertat, tyatyk and ukotyug.
- Towel: yyrkyshet or turban.
- Ayshon.
- Scarves.
Udmurtka girls wore headbands withshawls. Ukotyuk - a complex headdress. On the paperman or canvas they sew strips of braid with dense fringe, wooden pendants, braided threads, and sequins. Headbands of adult women (yerkertat) were distinguished by sewn coins and beads. Ayshon is a Udmurt analogue of the Russian kokoshnik. The base was made of birch bark, sheathed with canvas and, of course, was decorated with beads, beads and coins in the front. On top of the aishon they wore a sylak, a white embroidered canvas. Wedding sylyk had an important distinctive feature - massive black embroidery and tassels on the sides of black and red threads. From the wedding day and until the birth of the first child, women wore black syluk, then - red to very old age.
Women's Udmurt national costume
Women's North Udmurt Outfit - Ancient andsimple type of clothing. The basis was a dress-shirt: straight dense material, rectangular sleeves, neckline triangular or oval without a collar. The hem and sleeves of the dresses were traditionally decorated with embroidery. The cross-embroidery rosette was called Koltyrmach, and the relief longitudinal with a rhomb-like pattern was called Gorden. The Udmurt women's costume of the northerners necessarily includes a swing jacket caftan. His cut looks like a shirt, only a square turn-down collar and short sleeves. Shortdar was richly decorated with beads, coins, kauri, striped cuvettes and embroidery on the hem and collar. There were many ways to finish the caftan:
- zok kumak ponem - a lot of bucket;
- pitchy paperman ponem - a little paperman;
- Kotyr kumach ponem - kumacha strip around the whole caftan;
- Kotulo - a wide strip of kumacha to the waistline;
- kotrah tachykё - embroidery on the floors, hems and shoulders;
- voen shyrem - green embroidery on the hem;
- gorden shyrem - red;
- Syoden Shyrem - black.
National costume Udmurts impossibleImagine without an apron (eishet, azkyshet or ashet), covered with lace, braid, patterns. Ties were made in the form of tassels of multi-colored pieces of fabric. On holidays, clothing was supplemented with a patterned belt, on which a handkerchief was hung from the side. All girdled on the apron.
Udmurt national costume as a shoeprovides bast sandals on the Russian model. On holidays, Udmurt folk sandals were worn, which have a trapezoidal sock shape. Under the sandals of the Udmurka they wore thick white linen stockings, the upper fabric was beautifully embroidered with patterns or a cloth. On stockings were stretched patterned thin marchanchugles.
National costume Udmurtov men
Men's Udmurt national costume includes:
- a shirt;
- belt or belt;
- pants.
Shirt - white canvas with a cutout on the rightside of the chest and sleeves, which are decorated with red thin transverse stripes. Her men always wore a dress and girdled with a belt or braided belt. Pants are usually thick and dark in color, more often blue. Men's shoes, as a rule, were not decorated. In the summer they wore bast shoes, in winter - felt boots.
Сегодня удмуртский народный костюм редко used for its intended purpose. They are kept in museums or at home in chests as family wealth, and ethnic folklore ensembles put on performances. In the villages, the custom to wear national clothes for weddings and big holidays is preserved.
