Руководитель Польши, выдающийся политик, An interesting person, Wojciech Jaruzelski, lived a long and very rich life. In his life there were good luck, failures, victories and a lot of events that are important not only for the whole people, but also for the world as a whole. It is unreasonable to ask who the Wojciech Jaruzelski is for Poles, and to wait for a definite answer. His work was too diverse to get a clear assessment. Moreover, today the inhabitants of the country can not adequately assess its value for Poland, many people accuse him of all sins. But his life deserves a more detailed study.
Family and children's years
In the Polish town of Kurowa on July 6, 1923 inthe son of a local nobleman, a major landowner, was born a son, Wojciech Jaruzelski. The family had enough ancient roots, in the 15th and 16th centuries the ancestors of Jaruzelski were among the carriers of the coat of arms of Slepovron. Great-grandfather of Wojciech participated in the famous Polish uprising in the name of restoring the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the old borders. The rebels were defeated in 1863, and the grandfather of Jaruzelski was exiled to Siberia. Later, the family returned to Poland, but, surprisingly, family history tended to repeat.
Childhood years Wojciech spent in the Polish estate,when he was 5 years old, he had a younger sister, Teresa. The boy was sent to an elite Catholic gymnasium at the age of 6, but in 1939 the family moved to Lithuania, and it became an unhappy choice. The young man did not have time to finish the gymnasium.
Deportation
In 1939, Lithuania as a result of an agreement betweenThe USSR and Nazi Germany went to the Soviet Union as a result of a non-aggression agreement. But during the invasion of Germany into Poland, the Soviet government decided to hedge up and expel a large number of Polish nobles (as unreliable) from the Baltic republics to Siberia.
Войцех Ярузельский и его родные попали на Алтай.The head of the family was sent to a camp in the Altai Territory, and mother with two children went to the settlement in the taiga Turochak, where Wojciech worked at the logging site. The living conditions were impossibly difficult, Jaruzelski earned "snow blindness" there. But, in his recollection, the locals treated the deportees very well. Wojciech learned the Russian language and changed his attitude towards the Russian people. He was brought up in the anti-Russian traditions, and when he came to Altai, he met many very spiritual people who tried to make life easier for the exiles.
The elder Jaruzelski did not endure the hard work andsoon died, Wojciech buried him, wrapped in the Pravda newspaper instead of a shroud. Soon the mother also died. The sister was sent to an orphanage, and the future President of Poland was sent to work in Karaganda. There he had to work at the mine, where he suffered a back injury, which had made itself felt all his later life.
The Second World War
In 1943, Wojciech Jaruzelski voluntarilyjoined the army, in the Polish infantry division Kosciuszko. He was trained in the Ryazan Infantry School and in the rank of lieutenant went to the front. He started with a platoon commander and by 1945 became an assistant chief of staff for intelligence. Jaruzelski took part in the battles for the liberation of Warsaw, fought in the Baltic, the Vistula, the Oder, the Elbe. For courage he received several military awards, including the most honorable order in Poland - Military Valor (Order Wojenny Virtuti Militari).
Party life
After the war, Wojciech Jaruzelski stayed at home.Since 1945, he has been participating in the fight against the underground organization Freedom and Independence, whose main goal was the struggle against the Soviet regime and the occupation and the withdrawal of the Red Army from Polish territory. The organization cooperated with the Ukrainian Insurgent Army, with Western countries and the CIA and was actively suppressed by the Polish authorities with the support of the USSR. In 1947, Jaruzelski joined the Communist Party, which a year later became known as the Polish United Workers Party. He decided that his military service was his vocation, and he entered the Higher Infantry School, then graduated with honors from the Academy of the General Staff.
Career path
After the Academy, Jaruzelski quickly goes uphill.At first he occupied the position of a teacher in an infantry school, then quickly became the Head of the Directorate of Military Schools of the country, for three years he commanded a mechanized division, then headed the Main Political Directorate of Poland. In 1962, he was appointed deputy minister of defense, and after 6 years he became minister. On his account in this position, participation in such a controversial action as the entry of troops from the Warsaw Pact countries, and essentially Soviet, into Czechoslovakia.
In the 70s, Minister Jaruzelski several timesapplied force against popular indignation. First, he gave the command to suppress unrest caused by rising food prices. He was accused of security forces firing on demonstrators in Gdansk in 1970.
Jaruzelski was always pro-Sovietstatesman, and it helped him move up. Successfully formed and the party career of Wojciech. In 1970, Jaruzelski was a candidate member of the Politburo, and since 1971, a member of the PUWP Politburo. In 1981, he headed the Council of Ministers of the Polish People's Republic, although in this position he lasted only a few months.
At the helm of Poland
In October 1981, Wojciech Jaruzelski becamethe second person in the country, he headed the Central Committee of the Polish Party. When he became the head of the party, social tensions increased in the country. The activities of the Solidarity Union, which called for getting rid of the protectorate of the USSR, contributed a lot to this. In response, the Soviet Union only pulled its troops to the Polish borders, which caused new rounds of indignation. In this situation, the head of Poland was most afraid of the introduction of troops into his country, and therefore decided to impose martial law, which lasted 2 years. Prosecutions and arrests of resistance activists began in the state.
In 1985, Jaruzelski becomes the headThe State Council, i.e. the most important person in the country. For two years he tried to overcome the indignations, but they only grew. In addition, this confrontation led to economic consequences, a crisis begins in Poland, and this only exacerbated social tensions. Wojciech Jaruzelski decided to negotiate with members of Solidarity, he was the only leader from the social countries. camp who made a similar move. He made a number of concessions that were demanded by the protesters, but this did not solve the conflict. The country at that time was in a difficult situation, it had a large external debt to the USSR and Western countries, the economy, due to planned management, declined, and the discontent of ordinary citizens grew in life. And Solidarity, headed by Lech Walesa, begins to make not only economic, but also political demands.
Jaruzelski believed that the introduction of Soviet troopsIt has extremely negative consequences not only for his country, but also for the world as a whole, so he tried to negotiate with the protesters. Poland for the USSR was a very important country, geographically and politically, so the Soviet troops were ready to enter it to preserve their regime, and this, in the opinion of the head of Poland, was fraught with not only local but also world war.
"Wojciech Jaruzelski and the Cold War" - this is stillthe topic of future research by historians and political scientists, but it is clear that he did not want such an outcome, and therefore tried to find a peaceful solution. But the negotiations did not lead to proper results, and he had to agree to hold democratic elections.
In 1989, elections were held to the Sejm and to the postPresident with the only candidate - Jaruzelski. During the year he was the President of Poland, but he could no longer solve the problems of Poland. In 1990, his era ended, he agreed to hold democratic elections and he did not take part in them. He stood “at the helm” for 9 years, he had to face many difficulties, which he tried to eliminate in different ways, but for most Poles he became the “face” of the hated regime.
Life after power
Множество острых моментов описывает биография Jaruzelski Wojciech, however, after his resignation, his life changed dramatically: there was nothing left of great activity and responsibility. Days flowed peacefully and calmly. Lech Walesa, unlike his “colleagues” from other former socialist countries, did not pursue the former leader of Poland, although the population really wanted to. Jaruzelski eliminated from active social life. But his person did not give rest to the Poles, several parties tried to bring him to justice for the victims of the crackdown. And in 2007, the court nevertheless started a case on the war crimes of Jaruzelski and his eight associates. The trial was very long, and in 2011 the court decided to dismiss the case against the former head of Poland due to his state of health.
Titles and awards
For his long life Jaruzelski Wojciech Witoldreceived a large number of awards. He was most proud of his military achievements: the Order of Military Valor, two Crosses of the Brave, the Order of the Grunwald Cross. In addition, he was awarded a considerable number of awards of the USSR and other countries of the socialist camp.
In 2006, he was awarded the Order of the Cross of Exiled,upon receipt of which, Jaruzelski said he was glad that President Lech Kaczynski was able to overcome his bias towards the past. This caused a great resonance in society. To this, the president replied that he simply did not see the name of Jaruzelski on the list of awards when he signed the decree. And insulted Wojciech returned the award.
Jaruzelski was promoted to the rank of army general, he did not give himself any honorary titles and medals during his reign.
Personal life
Wojciech Jaruzelski, whose personal life is alwaysinterested poles, did not give any reason for gossip and scandals. Since 1960, he was married to Barbara Jaruzelska, the couple had a daughter, Monica, and a grandson was growing up. It seemed that everything in his family was just perfect. But in 2014, a scandal broke out. The 84-year-old wife accused the 90-year-old Jaruzelski in connection with a hospital nurse and was going to file for divorce. He stated that he would not agree to a divorce. The development of the scandal did not happen because of the death of the ex-president.
Death and memory
25 мая 2014 года Войцех Ярузельский, фото which appeared in all the media of the world, died. Before that, he had another stroke, and the doctors could not cope with its consequences. The president was buried with military honors, and former Polish presidents Lech Walesa and Aleksander Kwasniewski were present at the ceremony. Jaruzelski was buried in the Necropolis of Polish soldiers, which caused discontent among many Poles. In the memory of compatriots, Wojciech Jaruzelski remains almost a dictator, but in reality he tried to find a balance between external influence and internal contradictions in the country. Today, it gradually comes to the realization that Poland and Jaruzelski are lucky that he did not allow the establishment of strict pro-Soviet pressure on the state.
Quotations
Wojciech Jaruzelski spoke about Russia always withgreat warmth. He was not a supporter of the Soviet regime, he was not an ardent defender of communism, but he treated the Russian people all his life with warmth. He said that “the deportation to Altai changed his attitude towards the Russians”. Wojciech Jaruzelski, whose quotations from his speeches are still found in political texts, said that "the decision to impose martial law will hang on his conscience until the end of his days." He was fully aware of the extent of his actions. “I do not get tired of apologizing for what was wrong,” said Jaruzelski.
Interesting Facts
Wojciech Jaruzelski was deeply decenta man, all his life he remained loyal to the noble code of honor. During his reign, he did not accept any Polish awards, except for military, commemorative medals. He did not assign himself any titles and titles, even his life was very modest. Almost always, Jaruzelsky walked in dark glasses, for which the people attributed to him many atrocities, but the reason was the injury sustained during the years of deportation to Altai. He spoke Russian fluently, did not drink at all, read a lot and was a very reasonable person.
