We all once heard that there issuch a concept as GDP, and it is very important for the country. And some even remember how V. Putin, in the prime of his presidential activity, “threatened” to increase the GDP index as much as twice in a ten-year period. Well, let's face it, it was he who got excited. However, many of us do not even approximately know what GDP is.
This abbreviation means "gross domesticproduct". In simple terms, GDP is the total amount of all goods and services that were produced in a particular period (year or quarter) for domestic consumption, as well as for accumulation and export. In this case, the gross product is expressed in price equivalent. In order to correctly calculate the level of GDP with minimal errors, several types of it are taken. The resulting data is then matched, and a relatively accurate result is output.
Чтобы понять, что такое ВВП, и рассчитать его size, you need to separately determine the absolute GDP (which is calculated at the prices of the reporting period), then the real GDP is calculated separately (last year’s prices without inflation). These indicators compare and get a picture of the country's economic development and an increase or decrease in the GDP level in a year. If you make simple calculations and divide the total value of GDP by the number of population in a state, you can get the size of the indicator, which falls on every Russian citizen. And if you make such a calculation for a different country, you can easily compare the level of development of the two states. To put it more simply, the answer to the question of what is GDP is as follows. This is the sum of everything that people consume, government spending, exports, investments, less imports.
That is, we consume goods and useservices and pay money for it. In turn, the state also spends money, only budget, for national needs. And investors are investing their financial savings and savings in business development. However, there is one more important link in this system: the balance between import and export of products in the country. It is called trading, and it happens that it contains negative indicators. This is if a country purchases more goods on the foreign market than it sells. Because of this, its GDP is falling.
There is another formula for the calculation, whichanswers the question of what is GDP, in terms of income. So, based on the above, we find that the indicator is made up of the incomes of owners and personal incomes. In fact, these two different formulations are summarized by one concept - money. It is just that in one case the money earned is considered, and in the other - the money spent, however, the amount in both cases is the same.
In addition, there are such things as nominal andreal GDP. What is the difference? The first one is calculated on the basis of the prices of the current year, while the real one is expressed in the prices of the base year, which may be 1999, 2000, and even 2014. Indicators of both types of GDP are calculated in appropriate units: rubles, US dollars or euros.
Many countries are seeking to raise the level of GDP.As for Russia, this indicator very often rises not at the expense of the level of production of goods, since this indicator is usually lagging behind the size of the goods produced during the Soviet era. At the same time, it can be said with confidence that the promises of the president turned out to be empty, since for a qualitative increase in GDP it is necessary that the economy grow annually by 7-8%, and for this it is necessary to invest large sums of money in it, which our country does not yet have, and in the near future is not expected.
