What does a standard computer consist of?From the monitor, system unit, keyboard, mouse, speakers and some other peripheral devices. Almost everyone knows the answer to this question. But what is the structure of the system unit? The vast majority of users will not be able to accurately name all the components. Nevertheless, the system unit is a very important component of any computer. Therefore, you need to know what it consists of. We will understand its structure in this material.
Case ("Box", "Box")
Let's start with the basics.This component cannot be attributed to devices, but it is impossible to imagine a personal computer without a case. Shells come in all shapes. But the main thing in them - the availability of space to accommodate all the components of the system unit. Also do not forget about cooling. Most modern cases have additional fans and space for installing the main coolers. The most advanced "boxes" have connectors for connecting water cooling. As for the design, it all depends on the specific preferences of the user. There are cases with transparent glass, backlight, LCD screen and so on. Many people think that the body is a toy. He does not play any important role. But this is not the case. Correctly selected case will help the computer to work quickly and for a long time. High-quality cooling is expensive. Yes, and the availability of free equipment slots opens up decent opportunities for upgrading. Now we will consider the main devices of the system unit.
Power Supply ("BP")
This is the alpha and omega of any "sistemnik."It is he who determines what class of devices and what power can be installed in the PC. Power supplies have their own class and are divided into types of power. For a regular office computer, a 350-400 watt unit is enough. If the PC is planned to be used for multimedia entertainment at home, then a power supply unit with a power of 500 watts and more is needed. And gaming machines must be supplied with power supplies from 800 watts. And the best is 1000. Also, do not forget about the energy efficiency of the unit. The most economical in terms of energy consumption power supplies, equipped with a sign of classiness Gold. They consume little and give a lot. If you plan to upgrade your computer in the foreseeable future, then you definitely need to take a high-power power supply unit. Otherwise, you will not be able to install new components, which will be 100% more “voracious” than the old ones. Now we will continue to consider the internal device of the computer system unit.
Motherboard ("Mother", "Mother")
This component is a “springboard” forplacement and connection of all major components of the computer. Often, the amount of RAM, type of processor and much more depends on the motherboard. There are various types of motherboards: ATX, Micro-ATX and so on. They vary in size and number of connected components. Any "mother" is equipped with a certain number of connectors. These include USB ports, PS / 2 connectors, COM ports, and others. Also included in the motherboard are slots for installing a processor (sockets), connectors for connecting various components, PCI-E slots for connecting video cards, network cards and sound devices, and much more. If the "mother" is equipped with a built-in sound card, then on the rear panel there are also connectors for connecting speakers of various configurations. The device system unit of a personal computer is unthinkable without a motherboard. However, we turn to other components.
Processor ("CPU", "Stone")
This is the "heart" of any computer.It is the CPU that determines the overall performance of the entire machine. This is a small chip made of silicon, which is responsible for the number of operations processed per second. Multi-core processors can boast impressive performance at a fairly low frequency. The time of single-core "stones" with an unreal amount of "gigahertz" has already passed. At the moment there are two manufacturers of processors whose products are noteworthy: Intel and AMD. The choice of processor depends on user preferences. But It is worth noting that products from AMD are much cheaper. Here they are only heated very much. However, a good cooling system can solve this problem. Continue to consider the device of the system unit and move on to the next component.
RAM ("RAM", "Frame", "RAM")
The computer’s ram is responsible forhow many tasks the PC can handle at the same time and how fast it can do it. In modern realities, it is better to have a greater amount of RAM, as modern applications are constantly updated and their system requirements increase. Also, the "RAM" works better in multi-channel mode (two memory modules). This is a general fact. Do not forget about the bit. The higher the number of "megahertz", the faster the memory will work. There are several types of RAM: SDRAM, DDR, DDR II, DDR III, DDR IV. Currently, SDRAM is already out of use. Like the first two DDRs. But DDR III is the most popular type. And the fourth is still gaining momentum. In fact, these letters represent only the stages of the evolution of memory modules. Naturally, it is better to use the latest achievements in the IT world and splurge on the fourth version of DDR. Then you say thank you. Consider other devices that are in the computer system unit.
Video card ("Video adapter", "Vidyukha")
The video card is used to display images oncomputer monitor. Adapters are built-in and discrete. The first ones are built directly into the processor core, the second ones look like a separate board designed for installation in the PCI-E slot. A good video card is the most expensive component of any computer. Powerful game models are able to make a tangible gap in the family budget. Powerful video cards are delivered in a special case with its own cooling system. The higher the class of the video card, the more options it has in its arsenal. The most advanced models can broadcast a lossless image to several different monitors using various connectivity options (including wireless). In general, it would not have been possible to see an image on the monitor without a video adapter. Therefore, this is a very important component of the computer. However, consider other devices that are part of the system unit.
Hard disk ("Winchester", "Screw", "HDD")
This component is designed to storeuser data. In addition, it is running an operating system. At the moment there are several types of hard drives: solid-state drives (SSD) and standard mechanical "hard drives" (HDD). Despite the fact that the former are much smaller and have a very high read and write speed, mechanical hard drives do not lose their positions. The fact is that large capacity SSDs are very expensive. And the capacity in the case of the "screw" is a crucial parameter. Therefore, hybrid drive systems have now become fashionable: a solid-state disk with a capacity of up to 512 gigabytes for the operating system and programs works in conjunction with a classic HDD of 4 terabytes or more. The latter is used as a repository of multimedia files. Such a decision is very justified. Consider other devices included in the system unit.
Cooling fans ("Coolers", "Pinwheels")
This is a very important component of personalcomputer. These coolers are responsible for the effective cooling of the processor and other elements of the block's ecosystem. At the moment there is a huge selection of these devices. Among them are silent, luminous, resourceful and not very, with blades of increased size and others. Silent coolers - the best option for a home computer. Unless, of course, the user does not like the computer to roar like a Ferrari in the afterburner. A separate conversation - the CPU cooler. It is equipped with a radiator, from which are copper pipes in contact with the surface of the "stone". This is how the processor is cooled. There are also fans in the power supply and the system box itself. This allows you to achieve effective cooling of all components of the computer. Water cooling, of course, is much more efficient, but because of its high cost, it is not as common as conventional fans. Continue to disassemble the device system unit of the computer.
Drives and Drives
These include components such as drives.CDs, floppy drives, and more. Currently, Blu-Ray R / RW standard drives are very popular. These devices can read and write almost all discs. Including giant in terms of Blue Ray blanks. As for floppy, this is a device for reading floppy disks. Currently, such a component can be found only in very old computers. Floppy drives are outdated morally and physically. Therefore, they have ceased to integrate into the PC. In principle, a computer may not have one drive. The design of several disk drives is necessary so that you can organize a direct overwriting of information from media to media. In this case, there is no need to copy information to the hard disk of the computer. There are also very interesting optical disc drives that can immediately print a label on a CD. But they are very rare and expensive. Therefore, they are not installed in ordinary home computers. And now let's summarize.
Conclusion
So, we disassembled the device unitpersonal computer. There is nothing complicated about it. The main thing is to remember that without any of the above components, the operation of a computer is impossible. The system unit consists of a set of high-tech devices that make the computer work quickly and clearly. It is worth remembering the names of all components, so that in case of a breakdown of one of them, it was not necessary to puzzle over the name of this or that detail.
