From time immemorial all civilizations were based onstorage and transmission of information. Over time, the methods of transmitting information have changed. It all started with oral speech. From mouth to mouth, sagas and legends, which formed the history of nations, were transmitted. Then the messengers with letters rushed along the roads. After many centuries, they turned into postmen, and the telephone connection entered our life. Today, paper letters are almost out of use, and the telephone connection will soon completely replace the Internet. More and more people prefer to communicate and exchange information not by telephone, but through the Internet, because it is in them that the fastest ways to transmit information are hidden.
However, despite technological advances, oneof the main ways to transmit any information remains the document. Today documents exist both in paper and electronic form. For the exchange of electronic documents every day are developing all new means of information transfer. Here the first place is taken by e-mail. With its help, the addressee receives a letter almost instantly, in whatever corner of the globe he is. E-mail is provided by mail servers that store thousands of mailboxes - the so-called accounts. In addition to e-mail information is transmitted via ICQ, Skype and similar programs. There is a more convenient way to communicate - online conferences. Telecommunications Internet conferences are not replaced only because they require high-speed communication with the World Wide Web.
Процесс передачи информации происходит либо через computer networks, either through electronic media such as compact discs, flash drives, and removable SSD drives. Computer networks have their own classification. They vary in coverage area, topology, and management method. Local networks have the smallest coverage area - in them the distance between nodes is only a few meters. The second place is occupied by corporate networks - they are available within the office or enterprise. The largest are territorial networks, which, according to scale, are divided into regional and global.
By network topology are divided into three categories.In a bus network, computers are connected to one line, and information transmitted from one computer immediately becomes accessible to everyone else. In the ring network, the nodes follow each other. Information in it is transmitted in one direction. The star network has a central control unit from which the line-beams diverge to the other nodes.
There are two types of network management.In the client-server type, large servers manage the network, while the rest of the computers are client-side and do not affect the network. In the peer-to-peer type, all nodes on the network are absolutely equal. In them, each user decides for himself which folders or files will be available to everyone. Such networks are very poorly protected from hacking.
All possible methods of transmitting information haveone scheme. It includes the sender of information, the transmission channel and the recipient of information. Channels differ in the speed of information transfer, which is measured in bits / s and multiples of it. In the global Internet network, sources of information are called servers, and those who use it are called consumers. As a rule, the consumer enters the global network through a fiber-optic cable. Recently, however, wireless access to the Internet, using technologies such as Wi-Fi or Bluetooth, has come into use. It is also impossible not to recall mobile networks, because more and more people use mobile Internet or 3G modems that use WAP or GPRS protocols.
So, the methods of transmitting information replaced eachfriend until the internet was open. With the development of new technologies, the World Wide Web will become increasingly available until it replaces all other means of communication.
