St. Petersburg (St. Petersburg) - the second largestmegapolis in the Russian Federation after Moscow. From 1712 to 1918 was the capital of Russia. In this article we will consider the most famous monuments of St. Petersburg. The city has a rich cultural heritage.
Monuments of architecture in St. Petersburg
Historical architectural landmarksPetersburg can be divided into several parts. This is especially convenient for those who study the history of the city, as well as for tour guides and people who are independently acquainted with the northern capital.
Religious buildings. These include:
- Orthodox churches,
- churches,
- monasteries.
The most famous religious buildings:
- Alexander Nevsky Monastery;
- Smolny Monastery;
- Temple of the Savior on Blood;
- Kazan Cathedral;
- Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin;
- Cathedral of St. Andrew the First Called;
- Basilica of St. Catherine of Alexandria.
Gardens and parks:
- Summer garden,
- Dacha I. G. Chernyshev "Aleksandrino",
- Botanical Garden,
- Mikhailovsky Garden,
- Grandma's Park,
- Moscow Victory Park.
Palaces and houses:
- Marble Palace,
- Manor "Sosnovka" (Chernov's Dacha),
- Vorontsov-Dashkova cottage ("Shuvalov Palace"),
- Tower of griffins.
- Palace Square,
- St. Isaac's Square,
- Peter-Pavel's Fortress,
- Arts Square,
- Ostrovsky square,
- Senate square,
- Hay Square,
- Suvorov Square,
- Spit of Vasilyevsky Island,
- University Embankment.
Architectural ensembles of the suburb of St. Petersburg:
- Gatchina,
- Oranienbaum,
- Pavlovsk,
- Peterhof,
- Strelna,
- Tsarskoye Selo.
In this article we will focus more onseveral famous sculptures and architectural structures of the Northern capital of the Russian Federation. Then we will discuss several monuments that reflected the great achievements of the Russian people.
Moscow Triumphal Gate
In the place where the monument is now, earlierthere was an outpost. The landmark got its name, as the road leading to the Russian state began here. The Triumphal Arch was erected in honor of the victory of the Russian army over Persian and Turkish soldiers.
Narva Gate
В СПб есть много памятников, которые посвящены victories over the enemies of the valiant Russian army. The most beautiful of them is the Narva Gate. They are made and installed in honor of the defeat of the French army in 1812. The troops returned to Russia after the complete defeat of Napoleon’s army. The winners had to go through this arch.
The monument of architecture was erected in just a month.The materials from which the gate was made were the most primitive: wood and alabaster. Initially, the Narva Gate was a wide arch, which had a chariot mounted above. On the pylons of the monument were inscribed the names of all the guards regiments that took part in the hostilities.
After 10 years, the monument completely decayed and becameto collapse. The city authorities decided to demolish the gate, and build new ones on the same project, but in a slightly different place. The monument was erected near the bridge over the Tarakanovka River. New Narva Gates are bigger. The decor elements have changed.
St. Petersburg has a huge number of monuments to the great figures of Russia.
Monuments to Pushkin in St. Petersburg
По всему миру любят и почитают творчество А. С.Pushkin. It would be strange if he did not have monuments in St. Petersburg. Here were the young years of the poet: study at the lyceum, the first creative impulses, first love, dedication to adulthood and the recognition of his genius.
Monument in the courtyard of the house-museum
Кончина знаменитого поэта также произошла в СПб.Her silent witness was the first floor of the Volkonsky house on the Moika, 12. Now a museum of poet memory is organized here. Next to it in 1952 a monument was erected.
There are relics in the house:
- death mask of Alexander Sergeevich;
- medallion with a strand of hair;
- personal items.
The magnificent statue is cast in bronze. The size of the monument is about three meters in height.
The best monument to Pushkin on Arts Square
The opening of the monument was timed to the 250th anniversarycity of Leningrad. The statue is in front of the State Russian Museum. The monument looks majestic and is a true masterpiece. Petersburgers believe that this is the best gift to the city for all the years of its existence.
Monument on the same street
This is the first monument to the poet in the city. It was erected in 1884. On the sides on the pedestal are written excerpts from the "Bronze Horseman", "Monument". The date of birth and death of the poet is also immortalized here.
Anna Akhmatova mentioned this in her memoirscultural heritage of the northern capital. In Soviet times, the leaders decided to demolish the monument. A crane came up to the statue, which the children playing outside did not allow. They just started screaming and crying. The brigadier did not know what to do. I called the director, and he answered that he would have to leave the monument to the kids.
Monument to Pushkin in Tsarskoye Selo
Residents of Tsarskoye Selo wanted very much to have a monument to the great poet in their area. A competition was opened, and the mission to determine the winner fell on the shoulders of Nicholas II.
Monument to Peter in St. Petersburg
On the territory of the Peter and Paul Fortress is locatedmonument to Peter I. The sculpture is located to the left of the central alley. It was installed in 1991. A wax figure made by the Italian Rastrelli immediately after the death of the emperor became his prototype.
The master's head cast was made during his lifetime, andbody proportions are measured after his death. The wax figure became an exact replica of the autocrat. She is still in the museum "Winter Palace of Peter I". The author of the sculpture M. Shemyakin repeated exactly the facial features, the shape of the skull and the size of Peter's head. The body of the emperor increased 1.5 times. Because of this, the sculpture seems a bit strange.
Manufacturing of monuments in St. Petersburg
Manufacturing of monuments in St. Petersburg is a fairly developed industry. Such architectural structures are ordered to commemorate the departed or to perpetuate the event. Monuments are made from different materials:
- metal,
- natural material
- stone crumb
- polymer granites.
- concrete.
Metal sculptures
Monuments in bronze look decent and expensive.Over time, their appearance becomes only better, as the sculpture acquires a touch of antiquity. Bronze does not corrode, which is considered its main advantage. The technology of making monuments of bronze is quite complicated, so the work is expensive.
From metal, you can make any designconfiguration and complexity. Metal is easily painted in any color. The main problem of the material is that it is subject to corrosion, but modern processing methods allow to avoid trouble. Sculptures made of metal, made with the use of modern technology, will delight the eye for many decades.
The workshops of St. Petersburg monuments also use natural materials:
- Granite. Stone sculptures are aesthetic and durable. Granite is not afraid of precipitation and mechanical impact. The main disadvantages of this material are high price and manufacturing complexity.
- Marble. Elite expensive material. Differs special plasticity. Works from him look gorgeous.
- Tree. Products made from it after processing by professionals look modern and aesthetically pleasing. A huge minus - fragility.
Monuments in St. Petersburg are made of stone powder, concrete or polymer granite:
Concrete. For the manufacture of sculptures from this material, the concrete mix is poured into special forms. In some cases, the wizard used reinforcement structures.
Polymergranite - a mixture of granite chips and polymers. This is the waste that remains in the manufacture of granite sculptures. Monuments from it are not so beautiful, but durable. A huge plus is the low cost of products.
Stone crumb. The method of manufacture repeats the above. Instead of polymer granite, the main filler is waste from the production of stone products.
Where to apply for the manufacture of a monument in St. Petersburg?
To order a sculpture or a monument, you can contact the following addresses:
- Workshop for the production of monuments "Granmaster", Bolshoy Sampsonievsky Prospect, 95, Russia, St. Petersburg.
- Workshop "Monuments", prosp. Strichek, 73, letter A, pom. 12N, St. Petersburg.
- Workshop of monuments of Alexey Danilkin, Varshavskaya Street, 16, Russia, St. Petersburg.
