Musical wind instrument trumpet -representative of devices for the formation of sound altovo-sopranovogo register. Among similar instruments this one has the highest sound. The pipe has been used since ancient times, then it was used as a signal. In the orchestra she came in about the 17th century. After the valve mechanism was invented, the pipe plays the role of a complete instrument for performing classical music. The timbre is bright and shiny. The instrument can be used as a solo performer in a brass and symphony orchestra, in jazz and similar genres.
History
This tool is one of the most ancient.The first mention of such devices arose in the period about 3600 years BC. Many civilizations used pipes - and Ancient Egypt, and Ancient China, and Ancient Greece, and other cultures used the semblance of pipes as signaling tools. For many centuries it was the main role of this invention.
In the Middle Ages as part of the troops necessarilythere were trumpeters who were able to transmit a sound order to other parts located at a considerable distance from each other. In those days, the pipe (musical instrument), although it did not fully fulfill its functions, yet playing on it was an elite art. Trained this skill is only specially selected people. In quiet, non-military times, trumpeters were obligatory participants in holidays, knightly tournaments. In the big cities there were special tower trumpeters, signaling the arrival of significant people, changing the time of day, the onset of enemy troops or other important events.
Shortly before the advent of the Renaissance newtechnologies have made it possible to produce a more perfect musical instrument. The trumpet became involved in the performances of the orchestra. In addition, the trumpeters have become much more virtuosic, having learned the art of clarino. This word denoted the transmission of diatonic sounds by pereuvaniya. The Baroque era can safely be considered the "golden age of natural pipe." Since the century has come classic and romantic, underlying melodiousness, natural pipe has faded into the background as being unable to reproduce melodic lines. And only for the performance of the main steps of the scale in orchestras the pipe was used.
Modern pipe
Musical instrument, received in the middle of 19century valve mechanism, at first had no deserved glory. The reason is that most of the sounds were not yet pure intonation and did not have the same timbre. Increasingly, the transfer of the upper voice began to entrust the cornet, since its timbre was much softer, and its technical characteristics were more perfect. But at the beginning of the century, when the design of the pipe was improved, the cornets had to leave the orchestra. Finally, the trumpet was able to show all the sounds that the orchestra requires from the wind instruments. Currently, the party, previously created for the cornets, is performed by the pipe. The musical instrument, the photo of which is attached to the article, was fully able to reproduce the scale, thanks to the most advanced mechanism.
Today, the instrument is used in orchestras in the performance of music in the genres of ska, jazz, funk, and also as a solo artist.
Pipe structure
Copper and brass are the materials of which the mostoften made pipe. A musical instrument made of silver or other metals can be found much less often. Even in ancient times, a method of manufacturing from a single sheet of metal was invented.
An interesting form has this musicaltool. The pipe, as it is called due to its shape, the curves of which are in fact created only for compactness, is simply a long tube. The mouthpiece has a slight constriction, the socket has an extension. The main length of the pipe is cylindrical. It is this form that contributes to the brightness of the timbre. In the process of manufacturing it is extremely important to accurately calculate not only the length, but also the correct expansion of the socket - this causes the construction of the tool. However, the essence remains the same: this musical instrument is a long pipe and nothing more.
A game
Принцип игры – получение гармонических созвучий changing the position of the lips and the length of the air column, which is achieved by the mechanism of valves. Apply three valves, giving the opportunity to tone one and a half or half a tone to reduce the sound. Pressing several gates at the same time allows you to reduce the instrument's configuration to three tones. This is the way the chromatic scale is achieved.
There are varieties on which there is a fourth valve, which makes it possible to lower the system by five semitones.
Playing technique
Having high technical mobility, the pipeperfectly performs diatonic passages, arpeggios, and more. Breathing is spent very sparingly, so it is possible to perform phrases of a long length and a bright timbre.
Valve trills go great on modern instruments.
Varieties
The most popular type is the pipe in the structure of B flat,which sounds a tone lower than the notes written for her indicate. At the present time, notes are written from the mi of the smallest octave to the third octave, but still it is realistic to extract higher sounds from the instrument. The modern construction of the pipe makes it possible for it to perform all the necessary tonalities, rarely turning to the pipe beloved by the Americans in the system before.
In addition, today there are three more types of pipes, very common earlier.
Альтовая труба – музыкальный инструмент, designed to sound almost a quart below the written notes. This instrument is necessary for the transmission of low-register sounds (for example, Rachmaninov’s Third Symphony). However, now this pipe is rarely used, most often it is replaced with a flugelhorn.
Басовая труба – музыкальный инструмент, фото which is easy to find in any music school, sounds lower than a regular pipe per octave. At the same time on a large non below the proposed notes. Used until the second half of the 20th century. Now it is successfully replaced by a trombone - similar in structure, register and timbre.
Pipe piccoloIt was constructed at the end of the 19th century, but today it is experiencing a new wave of popularity due to the interest in ancient music. Applied in the style of B-flat, while for sharp keys can be reconfigured and in operation. It has four valves, not three, like a big pipe. A musical instrument is used with a smaller mouthpiece, but this affects technical mobility and timbre.
Repertoire
Although modern pipes that can performwithout restrictions, melodic lines, appeared relatively recently, a huge number of solo works were written, which were created for real instruments. Today they are performed on a small (piccolo) pipe. Many well-known composers wrote for the trumpet: Haydn, Weinberg, Blacher, Shchedrin, Bach, Molter, Mozart, Beethoven, Brahms, Mahler, Mussorgsky, Rimsky-Korsakov and many other no less great composers.
