The great Russian writer Maxim Gorky said,that "the great impulses of the spirit, minds and hearts of true artists are imprinted in the literature of the 19th century." This is reflected in the works of writers of the 20th century. After the revolution of 1905, the First World War and the Civil War, the world began to break up. Social disharmony set in, and literature takes over the task of returning all the former. Independent philosophical thought began to awaken in Russia, new trends in art appeared, writers and poets of the 20th century overestimated values and abandoned the old morality.
What is it, literature at the turn of the century?
In place of classicism in art camemodernism, which can be divided into several branches: symbolism, acmeism, futurism, imagism. Realism continued to flourish, depicting a person’s inner world in accordance with its social position; Socialist realism did not allow criticism of the authorities, so the writers in their work tried not to raise political problems. Silver followed the golden age with its bold new ideas and diverse themes. The poems of the 20th century poets were written in accordance with a certain trend and style: for Mayakovsky it is typical to write a ladder, for Khlebnikov his numerous occasionalisms, for Northerner for an unusual rhyme.
From futurism to socialist realism
In symbolism, the poet focuses his attentionon a certain symbol, a hint, therefore the meaning of the work can be multi-valued. The main representatives were Zinaida Hippius, Alexander Blok, Dmitry Merezhkovsky. They were in constant search of eternal ideals, while appealing to mysticism. In 1910, the crisis of symbolism began - all ideas were already taken apart, and the reader did not find anything new in the poems.
Futurism completely rejected the old traditions.In translation, the term means "the art of the future", writers attracted the public outrageous, rude and clear. The poems of the representatives of this trend - Vladimir Mayakovsky and Osip Mandelstam - are distinguished by their original composition and occasional (author's words).
Socialist realism set itself its taskeducation of workers in the spirit of socialism. Writers portrayed a specific situation in society in a revolutionary development. Marina Tsvetaeva was especially distinguished from the poets, and from prose writers - Maxim Gorky, Mikhail Sholokhov, Yevgeny Zamyatin.
From Acmeism to Novokrestyanskoy lyrics
Imaginism arose in Russia in the first years afterrevolution. Despite this, Sergey Yesenin and Anatoly Mariengof did not reflect social and political ideas in their work. Representatives of this trend claimed that the poems should be figurative, so they did not skimp on metaphors, epithets and other means of artistic expressiveness.
Representatives of the New Peasant Lyrics Appealedin their works to the folk traditions, they admired the village life. Such was the Russian poet of the 20th century, Sergei Yesenin. His poems are pure and spiritual, and the author described nature and simple human happiness in them, referring to the traditions of Alexander Pushkin and Mikhail Lermontov. After the 1917 revolution, a brief enthusiasm was replaced by disappointment.
The term "Acmeism" translated means "blooming20th century poets that the unknowable cannot be known.
Philosophical and psychological richness of Bunin lyric poetry
Ivan Alekseevich was a poet living at the junction of twoepochs, therefore, in his work reflected some of the experiences associated with the onset of the new time, however, he continued the Pushkin tradition. In the poem "Evening," he conveys to the reader the idea that happiness lies not in material values, but in human existence: "I see, I hear, I am happy - everything is in me." In other works, the lyrical hero allows himself to reflect on the transience of life, which becomes an occasion for sadness.
Bunin is engaged in writing activities inRussia and abroad, where many poets of the beginning of the 20th century go after the revolution. In Paris, he feels like a stranger - “the bird has a nest, the beast has a burrow,” and he lost his native land. Bunin finds his salvation in talent: in 1933 he receives the Nobel Prize, and in Russia he is considered the enemy of the people, but they do not stop typing.
Sensual lyric poet, brawler
Sergey Yesenin was an imagist and did not create new onesterms, and animated dead words, enclosing them in vivid poetic images. From school, he became famous for mischievous and carried this quality through his whole life, was a haunter, was famous for his love adventures. Nevertheless, he passionately loved his homeland: “I will sing the poet’s whole being a sixth part of the earth with the short name“ Russia ”- many poets of the 20th century shared his admiration for his native land. Yesenin’s philosophical lyrics reveal the problem of human existence. After 1917, the poet becomes disillusioned revolution, because instead of the long-awaited paradise life has become like hell.
Night, street, lantern, pharmacy ...
Alexander Blok - the brightest Russian poet 20century, who wrote in the direction of "symbolism". It is curious to observe how the evolution of the female image takes place from the collection into the collection: from the Beautiful Lady to the passionate Carmen. If at first he deifies the object of his love, faithfully serves him and does not dare to defame, later girls seem to him more mundane creatures. Through the wonderful world of Romanticism, he finds meaning, having gone through life's difficulties, responds in his poems to events of social importance. In the poem "The Twelve" he conveys the idea that revolution is not the end of the world, and its main goal is to destroy the old and create a new world. Readers remembered Blok as the author of the poem "Night, Street, Lantern, Pharmacy ...", in which he reflects on the meaning of life.
Two women writers
The philosophers and poets of the 20th century were predominantlymen, and their talent was revealed thanks to the so-called muses. Women worked themselves, under the influence of their own mood, and the most prominent poets of the Silver Age were Anna Akhmatova and Marina Tsvetaeva. The first was the wife of Nikolai Gumilyov, and the famous historian Lev Gumilyov was born in their union. Anna Akhmatova did not show interest in exquisite stanzas - her poems could not be put to music, means of artistic expression were rarely met. The predominance of yellow and gray in the description, the poorness and lack of brightness of the subjects lead the reader to longing and reveal the true mood of the poetess who survived the execution of her husband.
The fate of Marina Tsvetaeva is tragic.She committed suicide, and two months after her death, her husband Sergey Efron was shot. To readers, she was forever remembered by a small, fair-haired woman, linked to nature by blood ties. Particularly often in her work appears berry mountain ash, which forever entered into the heraldry of her poetry: "Red mountain ash lit up. Leaves fell. I was born."
What is unusual poems poets of 19-20 centuries?
In the new century, the masters of the pen and the words approvednew forms and themes of their works. Relevant remained poems, messages to other poets or friends. Imaginist Vadim Shershenevich surprises with his work "Toast". He does not place a single punctuation mark in it, does not leave gaps between words, but its originality lies elsewhere: looking through the text with your eyes from line to line, you can see how some capital letters stand out among other words, forming the message: Valery Bryusov from the author .
all asbudtonaroliki
to fall off lightly now
racing
Dam LornyrutoTmennonas
NashGerBukrashenlikorami
ImedeRaskiedushAshiprom
We are looking for
mAchEautootrytoclipper
CONCERNSHEADSHIPS
and around the world
Claiming Ashecupus
with the joy of a bryusov
The work of poets of the 20th century amazes with itsoriginality. Vladimir Mayakovsky was also remembered by the fact that he created a new form of the stanza - "ladder". The poet wrote poetry on any occasion, but spoke little of love; he was studied as an unsurpassed classic, printed by millions, the public loved him for outrageous and innovative.
