Marina as a separate genre of landscape paintingfinally took shape in Russian art in the XIX century, during the heyday of Ivan Aivazovsky, which is not surprising since it is still considered one of the greatest marine painters in world art. The painting “Rainbow” by Aivazovsky is a vivid example of an amazing sea landscape.
Landscapes Marina in Russian painting
Despite the uniqueness and international recognition,The early work of Aivazovsky felt the influence of the first Russian landscape painters, the founders of the genre - S. Shchedrin and M. Vorobiev, whose rare seascapes combined the classical technique of academic painting with fresh ideas of romanticism.
Early work Aivazovsky almostfully dedicated to the sea elements. The young artist painted romantic landscapes with delight and admiration. One of the reasons for the artist's romantic emotionality was that Aivazovsky did not consider it possible to paint the sea from nature. Everything that the painter depicted on his canvases is memories and fruits of imagination.
Yet behind the bustling romanticism in the first picturesAivazovsky traced the desire to explore the element of the sea in all its possible guises. In later canvases, craftsmanship and the innate sense of measure of the creator curb romantic admiration, and the viewer presents works by an adult, skilled artist who knows his work and his subject image. The painting “Rainbow” by Aivazovsky represents a new stage not only in the artist’s work, but also in the Russian seascape genre. Working on this canvas, the master began to use the usual bright colors in a completely different manner.
Aivazovsky's creative work paved the way for the marina genre for landscape painters such as Lagorio, Bogolyubov and Kuinji.
Ivan Aivazovsky
The artist’s biography is almost fabulous.plot. Aivazovsky was the son of an impoverished merchant, but with his talent and skill he won recognition among domestic and world painters and became the founder of the marina in Russian art.
From early childhood, showing craving for drawing,Aivazovsky attracted the attention of the architect of his hometown - Theodosia. The future artist received from him not only support and parting words, but also material assistance — artistic supplies and first drawing lessons.
After graduating from the Simferopol gymnasiumAivazovsky entered the Imperial Academy of Arts in St. Petersburg. In the fourth year of study, he was awarded the gold medal of the Academy, which allowed the young artist to go abroad as a scholarship holder. Aivazovsky spent several years in Italy, where he became famous for his seascapes.
History of the painting "Rainbow"
It is believed that the best work Aivazovskywere created in the early period of his work. Such paintings as “The Ninth Wave”, “Moonlight Night” and “Sea Storm at Night” are considered to be the peak of the marine painter's career - the artist created landscapes unique in terms of brightness and richness of the storyline.
In the early 70s of the XIX century toartist flew many critical statements about the monotony and artificiality of his paintings. The painting "Rainbow" was a response to criticism. Opinion contemporaries about the picture Aivazovsky "Rainbow" is not uniform; almost everyone noted the uniqueness of the color scheme and the realisticness of the canvas, but there were also those who continued to reproach the artist for the artificiality of his landscapes.
The author always said that the sea is impossible to write.from nature, so the share of artificiality in the seascapes of Aivazovsky is always there, because the paintings are the fruit of the artist's imagination. However, “Rainbow” is distinguished by the realism of the color palette and the subtlety of selected shades that make the drops of sea foam almost transparent, thereby making the rainbow almost invisible.
Aivazovsky, "Rainbow" description of the picture and its plot
The plot of "Rainbow" is not new to the work of Aivazovsky.The author chose a familiar, almost beaten subject of the image - the sea storm. Like all canvases of a marine painter, the painting “Rainbow” by Aivazovsky depicts a shipwreck “in the first person” - as if the author himself was on a sinking ship.
The picture is filled with fuzzy, foggyoutlines. The rocky coast and the ship itself crashing are lost in the waves and high sea foam. In the foreground of the picture is a boat with sailors trying to avoid death. People are peering into the distance of the ocean, trying to make out a place safe for the pier, but the high waves and the gale wind upleep the boat and prevent the sailors from determining and keeping their direction.
Thanks to the rainbow spectrum, the picture, despitetragic plot does not seem heavy and depressing. A characteristic of Aivazovsky's play with the light on this canvas creates an ideal rainbow circle, which plays the role of a “good omen”, promising a safe harbor for sailors in distress.
Analysis of Aivazovsky's painting "Rainbow" and its tint palette
In an attempt to find for themselves a new technique of picturing the sea and its various incarnations, the marine painter moved to a new, brighter and more realistic palette.
The painting "Rainbow" by Aivazovsky is one ofa series of canvases made in a new color scheme. The artist uses his inherent bright colors - yellow, purple, purple and fiery orange, while not losing the realism and transparency of the landscape.
Paintings "Rainbow", "Into a Storm", "Marina", as well asSome canvases painted in the 80s of the XIX century, as if embroidered with thin lines of bright colors. Incredible shades dissolve in the salty sea air, creating clean, light and airy landscapes, in which the sea looks extremely real and at the same time fabulously bright.
