At the beginning of the twentieth century, a new trend appearedart - modernism. New postulates suggested the rejection of some traditions of realism in painting. The formulation that the past is crowded has become fashionable and has gained a lot of fans in a relatively short time. The leading role in the ongoing changes belonged to abstractionism, which united a number of trends that emerged on the basis of modernism, such as futurism, cubism, expressionism, surrealism, and others. Abstractions in painting were not immediately accepted by society, but soon a new style proved its affiliation to art.
Development
By the thirties of the twentieth century, the course of abstract artgained strength. The founder of a new direction in the art of painting was Wassily Kandinsky, one of the most progressive artists of that time. A whole galaxy of followers was formed around the master, for whom the process of studying the state of the soul and inner intuitive sensations became the basis of creativity. Artists ignored the reality of the world and expressed their feelings in abstract art. Some canvases of the early followers of the new genre was impossible to understand. Pictures of abstract art usually did not carry any information, and unprepared visitors to exhibitions and opening days were often at a loss. Attaching annotations to the paintings was not accepted at that time, and each connoisseur of pictorial creativity could rely only on his own vision.
Masters and founders
Among the most prominent followers of the newCurrents were famous abstract artists Vasily Kandinsky, Natalia Goncharova, Peter Mondrian, Kazimir Malevich, Mikhail Larionov. Each of them adhered to its direction. Pictures of abstract art performed by famous artists gradually became recognizable, and this contributed to the promotion of a new kind of art.
Kazimir Malevich worked in the tide of suprematism,giving preference to a geometric basis for self-expression. The dynamics of his compositions on the canvas came from a seemingly disorderly combination of rectangles, squares, and circles. The arrangement of the figures on the canvas did not lend itself to any logic, and at the same time the picture produced the impression of a strictly verified order. In the art of abstraction there are enough examples that are fundamentally contradictory. The first impression when getting acquainted with the picture can leave a person indifferent, and after a while the canvas will already seem interesting.
Artists Natalia Goncharova and Mikhail Larionovfollowed the direction of the Luchism, whose technique consisted in the unexpected intersection of straight ray-shaped lines of different colors and shades. The colorful play in the picture was fascinating, fantastic combinations of intersecting rays alternated in endless combinations, and the canvas radiated a flow of energy.
Tashizm
Abstract Artists Delaunay and Kupkapresented their own art. They tried to achieve the maximum effect by rhythmic intersection of colorful planes. Representatives of Tashism, pictorial drawing, obtained as a result of the chaotic application of large strokes in the absolute absence of the plot component, expressed their artistic credo in this way. Abstraction in oil in the style of Tashism is the most complex, painting in this genre can be perceived in an infinite number of interpretations, and each will be considered true. However, the last word still remains for critics and art historians. At the same time, the style of abstractionism is in no way limited by any frames or conventions.
Neoplasticism
And if the paintings of Robert Delone were an examplesenselessness, the Dutch abstract painter Peter Mondrian introduced into circulation a strict system of interaction of large figures with right angles, which on the canvas contrasted with each other and at the same time somehow inexplicably united into one whole. Creativity Mondrian is called "neoplasticism". It was most prevalent in the twenties of the last century.
Czech František Kupka created paintings in whichthe figures were dominated by round and rounded, truncated circles and cut off circles on one side, which suddenly continued with black broken lines causing alarm and anxiety. Kupka's cloths could be seen for hours and find all the new nuances in them.
By creating his paintings, an abstract artisttrying to move away from the usual images. At first, not recognized surrealistic works by Kandinsky, Malevich, Mondian, and others subsequently caused heated debates among opponents and admirers of the new art.
Expression
Another example of abstraction in painting isexpressionism, a quick pattern on a large canvas with the use of emphatically neo-geometric strokes applied with the help of wide flutian brushes, while large drops of paint can fall on the spread canvas, as it were. The expression of this method is the main and only sign of belonging to art.
Orphism - one of the directions of the Frenchpainting, developed in the twenties of the last century. Artists who adhere to this trend, tried to express their aspirations through rhythmic movement and conventional musicality, while they widely used the technique of mutual penetration of colors and intersection of contours.
Pablo Picasso
Cubism as a reflection of abstraction in paintingcharacterized by the use of geometric forms, denoted not explicitly, but with some degree of conditionality. Wrong circles, broken lines, angles and kinks - all this could be located according to a certain logical scheme and at the same time with glaring chaos. The brightest representative of Cubism was and remains the Spanish artist Pablo Picasso (1881 - 1973), who is considered to be the ancestor of this trend in painting.
Experiments with color (blue period, pinkperiod) gradually transformed into a change in shape, deliberate deformation and destruction of nature. An example of such paintings can be considered the painting "Avignon girls", written in 1907, when abstractions in painting were just beginning to gain momentum. Thus, the work of Picasso led some artists of that time to a completely new genre, which completely rejected the traditions of naturalism and the cognitive significance of the visual arts.
Distant past
Paintings of abstract artists beginning of the twentiethcenturies made a revolution in the painting of that period, on the wave of numerous trends and trends of artistic creativity, masters of the brush appeared who were able to prove that abstraction is a completely independent form of fine art, part of culture.
Modern abstractionism
Currently, abstractionism has taken severalother forms, different from those that were in the heyday of this rather controversial type of visual art. The modern language of abstraction today is white. Famous artists, such as Andrei Pelikh, Valery Orlov, Marina Kastalskaya, Andrei Krasulin, put into it ideas about the spiritual at the level of metaphysics, and also use the optical laws of reflection of light in a palette of white hues.
Higher voltage colors are possible only in white.Hypostasis, this color - the basis of all the basics. In addition to the color aspect, in modern abstraction there is also a semantic loading factor. Signs and symbols arising from the depths of consciousness carry signs of archaic. The abstract artist of modern times, Valentin Gerasimenko, uses in his paintings the images of ancient manuscripts and manuscripts, which make it possible to widely interpret the theme of the distant past.
