The first manifestation of popular wisdom reflected andcarried through the centuries proverbs and sayings. In them, as in grain, the culture of the great Russian soul is laid. Perhaps it is for this reason that all great people treated with reverence the wisdom and graphic power of proverbs.
Reflection of the influence of proverbs on the work of great writers
Thematic diversity of proverbs - notthe main, albeit very important, their dignity. Much more significant is how they express everyday life, from which side it is characterized. At one time, Nikolai Gogol, captivated by the globality of the meaning of popular sayings, noted their subtlest way of expression. The writer was fascinated by the way people's attitude was reflected through the sayings: with irony, ridicule, reproach - with everything that moves and touches the living. The saying is all-consuming passionate interest in everything that concerns the diverse life of a Russian person.
Enjoyed the power of proverbs and sayingsand Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin. If you open some of his works, you can find folk sayings interspersed with text that characterized the writer of his characters.
Ivan Krylov, Leo Tolstoy, Alexander Griboedov ...The creative legacy of these "pillars" of literature also testifies to the great worship in front of the wealth of Russian folklore. Or take, for example, Alexander Pushkin. His works, where he used and conveyed this kind of popular wisdom, as a proverb in verse is unique combination high poetry with distinctive folk art.
Но не только классики отечественной литературы resorted to using the age-old wisdom of the ancestors. The popular modern writer Boris Akunin gives his characters high intelligence and subtle knowledge of Russian folklore. In their mouths the saying is the voice of the people.
Eloquent language of proverbs and sayings
The magnificence and accuracy of proverbial sayingsreflect the high morality of our ancestors. "Life is given to good deeds", "Gold and glitters in the dirt", "To have a friend - not to feel sorry for yourself." Just a few examples, but each one contains the wealth and purity of souls and thoughts.
There are examples with preferential flowof direct meaning: “Keep the secret word in your mouth,” “Bread will not be born if you don’t work in the field.” For each of them can be applied as a direct value, and portable. On the one hand, it is a confirmation of the importance of hard work and its results, on the other - the condemnation of laziness and idleness. As for the saying about the secret word, there is a direct indication here of the importance of keeping the secrets of their main actions or deeds.
The figurative and stylistic nature of proverbs
Slight at first glance, the replacement of words inexpressions significantly change their meaning. Proverbs and sayings are the most accurate examples of such statements. As a sample - two versions of the proverb about the eagle and the falcon. “The king to the birds is an eagle, but he is afraid of a falcon” - he wears the tinge of the light dependence of one feathered predator over another. By changing the second part to "a falcon is afraid," you can drastically change the meaning of the expression as a whole. In this version of the proverb has the decisive nature of the statement, who is really stronger. The concessive meaning is completely eliminated and the word "falcon" falls under the logical stress.
Private figurative useit is necessary to be able to distinguish from the general, in which a proverbial judgment acquires independence, a semantic and artistic new formation. Proverbs and sayings are a vivid example of the richness of speech in general and of a single word in particular.
Sayings for children as a method of knowledge
Of great importance in the upbringing of the youngergeneration has folk art. Without a deep knowledge of national culture, it is unlikely that the originality of the original Russian character will be preserved in the future. Sayings for children are used as an example of the versatility of ancestral talent.
For the most part, these are expressions about the seasons, aboutnature, about animals. On sayings, children develop a definition of good and evil, courage and cowardice, truth and lies. The most famous and most frequently used one is “Without effort, you can’t even pull a fish out of a pond.” It has grown more than one generation.
Jokes - a special kind of proverbial judgments
Humorous scenes transmitted in the form of shortdialogues: "Tit, go thresh. - The belly hurts. - Tit, go eat jelly. “Where is my big spoon?” - most accurately convey the attitude of a person to the kind of activity that is kind to him or is disagreeable for various reasons. From the letters it is clear that they have all the properties of these proverbs. They are inseparable from associative application to objects, only distantly connected with them by direct meaning. Titus, who is keen on kissel, can serve in his speech as a condemnatory example in characterizing other manifestations of laziness and pretense. Saying is the highest degree of irony.
Jokes proverbs significantly complement the usualtypes of proverbs and characterize popular speech from a very important point. They reflected the playfulness and irony of the mentality of the people - the highest expression of mature thinking.
