Великий русский поэт Федор Иванович Тютчев знаком a very wide range of readers. Many of his works are familiar from school. But when Tyutchev was born and died, few people knew the biography of the poet and creative motives, or perhaps many simply forgot.
Fyodor Ivanovich's childhood
Fedor Tyutchev was born in the village of Ovstug, at about 30kilometers north of Bryansk, in 1803. The village was located on the banks of the Desna River. The boy was brought up in a family where they spoke exclusively in French. And it was not only in Tyutchev’s childhood years that it was possible to notice that he mainly uses this language. His overwhelming letters, articles written in subsequent years, and even some poems are all in French.
At the age of twelve, the boy was already translatingHorace in Russian, and the first poem was written at sixteen. Those who knew him in childhood noted his quick mind, remarkable erudition and even a poetic gift that young Tyutchev already possessed. Briefly speaking about the education of Fyodor Ivanovich, several basic stages of his studies can be noted. In 1812, Tyutchev was entrusted with the care of the family teacher, Semyon Raich. From 1819 to 1822 he studied at Moscow University. And at the age of nineteen he entered the civil service at the Foreign Affairs Department of St. Petersburg.
Career of the poet, or Life abroad
Of course, it is important to know when was born and died.Tyutchev, but above all, it is worth talking about his life, career and creative path. Fyodor Ivanovich never considered himself a professional poet. He often forgot texts of poems in books. Sometimes they were found after his death. And very often Tyutchev did not care about his works being published. He had no career as a poet. That is why Tyutchev's poetry was not as popular as, for example, Pushkin or Nekrasov.
He is very early, still young, in 1822, leftRussia and lived mainly in Germany, then a little in Italy, served as a diplomat. All this time, Fyodor Ivanovich spoke little Russian at home. He was not easy was not a professional poet, and even the Russian language is used quite rarely. Fyodor Ivanovich was a diplomat, and with a diplomatic career was linked if not the whole life of Tyutchev, then a very significant segment of it.
Famous political publicist
But career achievements Fyodor Tyutchev asThe diplomat was not too impressive. In 1841 he was even dismissed and expelled from the department of foreign affairs. His significant achievements consisted in another. Fyodor Ivanovich was a man capable of communicating with intellectual centers throughout Europe, which was taken on an equal footing in both England, Germany and France by the main political thinkers of that time.
Tyutchev was one of the most influentialpolitical publicists. Only later, in the memoirs of people who worked at that time in the military and foreign affairs agencies of all the countries listed, there were references to his articles that were published in the European press. They said that it was in them that they sensed a sense in world history and saw the outlines of the future wars of Europe.
Not a personnel diplomat, but one of the mainEuropean historical and political thinkers. This was who invisible Fyodor Tyutchev was. And this, too, must be known. Since this is also part of the poet's biography. And not only information about when Tyutchev was born and died.
Poet and diplomat
Tyutchev's career as a poet is very intermittent.Even before going abroad, he began to print in magazines and almanacs. But most often Fedor Ivanovich signed initials. Tyutchev was born in 1803, and in 1822 his writing career was cut short, and he disappeared from the sight of the Russian reader for a long time. However, in 1836 an event occurred that largely predetermined the fate of Russian poetry. At this time, Alexander Pushkin founded his journal "Contemporary".
The publication in this magazine is amazing.Here Fyodor Ivanovich immediately appears as a brilliant and outstanding poet. But very few people understood then that this was the poetry of Tyutchev, a diplomat who lives abroad. The real career of Fyodor Tyutchev as a poet began in 1850.
Return to Russia
Despite the fact that the long years of life Tyutchev wereassociated with abroad, he finally, a few years before 1850, returned to Russia. Serves, occupies a number of high positions. Fyodor Ivanovich was an official on special assignments under the sovereign, worked in the department of foreign censorship.
И вот, в это время, все в том же журнале Sovremennik, where Nekrasov has already become a leader and very famous personalities of that time are being published, an article appears describing the work of some poets. Including Fedor Ivanovich, as well as his initials are decrypted.
Наконец, после этой публикации в сознание Russian reader entered the new poet Fedor Tyutchev. And already in 1854 a collection of his poems was published. But his unprofessional attitude to poetry continues.
Several cycles that make up the poet
Returning to the poems of Fedor Tyutchev, shouldnote that the entire small volume of works of this poet can be divided into three equal shares. These are political poems that are infrequently mentioned and not always read aloud. Then come the philosophical ones that are best known and very easy to identify. In them, mostly people always remain alone with nature.
And the third cycle was called “Denis”, bythe names of the civil wife of Fyodor Ivanovich, the mother of his three children - Elena Alexandrovna Denisieva. These works had a great influence on Russian poetry. They were a kind of lyric diary. They very often talked about a particular person. These poems became a love story of the poet to Elena Alexandrovna.
Tyutchev's family history, or the tragic events in the fate of the poet
Passionate affair with Denisyeva lasted forfourteen years old. It ended in a terrible shock for the poet. The spouse dies of tuberculosis in 1864. The following years are very often overshadowed by tragic events. Almost immediately after the death of Elena Alexandrovna, their common son and daughter died. A year later, Tyutchev's mother died, in 1870 - Dmitri, the eldest son.
Perhaps amid these events that wavecovered the poet, Fyodor Ivanovich's health deteriorated sharply. And, probably, here you can answer the question of many readers about when Tyutchev was born and died. Appearing on light in 1803 and having lived a rather bright and rich life, the poet died in 1873 from an apoplexy.
Fedor Ivanovich thinks in verse
The most amazing property of poetry FedorIvanovich, is that it is inherent in the full identification of nature with man. The poet Tyutchev gives her soul, feelings and even speech. She is completely like a man. Drawing attention to many fragments of the poetry of Fyodor Ivanovich, we can conclude that the poet often uses grammatical forms of words or accents that are not very familiar to the ear of the simple reader. The fact is that Tyutchev is archaic, not only for modern times, but also from the point of view of the nineteenth century.
Tyutchev Fyodor Ivanovich’s life was not short,if you compare it with poets who died early, such as Pushkin or Lermontov. But, nevertheless, all the lyric works written by him, as a rule, are placed in one volume. But even in this there is a deep meaning. Tyutchev thinks in verse, so the same image or concept passes through different works.
And the key to the poetry of Fedor Tyutchev isthat the reader cannot understand the meaning of a word, proceeding only from one verse. It is necessary to read a few where this word occurs, and only then it will be possible to see how the energy of meaning increases and comes to some kind of completion. Tyutchev does not simply describe nature, he seems to be developing a language or the very thinking in Russian.
"Thinking" poetry of Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchevtransformed the whole of Russian culture. Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev once said that one cannot argue about Fyodor Tyutchev's work. Because the one who is not able to feel the works of this author does not feel poetry at all.
