Color perception is extremely individual and dependshow the human eye perceives the rays reflected from different surfaces. There are surfaces that do not reflect the rays, but absorb them. When they absorb a person sees black. That is why black is called "dead" color or "lack of color."
Therefore, the answer to the question of how to getthe black color of the colors will be the following: real black cannot be obtained by mixing no other shades of the spectrum. However, it is possible to create very dark shades that, in contrast with others, create a black sensation. To find out what colors you need to mix to get black, you should turn to the theory of art and the psychology of color perception.
Color models and color synthesis
There are two models of color synthesis, that is, obtaining new colors and shades.
Additive - color-based modelon the addition and superimposition of rays reflecting from the surfaces of objects. This model is used in monitors and screens, its main color range is RGB. Additive color synthesis basically uses three main lights: red, green, and blue. By overlaying and mixing these rays, all other shades, except black, are formed. In this model, black is considered the complete absence of reflection.
Subtractive - Mixed Modelphysical pigments and paints. It is considered the absence of color white. And black is obtained by mixing all the basic shades. So what colors should be mixed to get black? In the subtractive model, the primary (or main) shades are magenta, cyan and yellow.
Subtractive mixing method
Compared with additive color synthesisthe subtractive model produces fewer shades. In addition, the theoretical or mathematical model of subtractive synthesis is fundamentally different from what is obtained in practice. For example, theoretically, when mixing the three primary colors should turn out black. However, in practice, this color comes out very dark brown.
The subtractive method is used in printing andprinting, where it is very important to achieve this black. In order to get it, a “key” is added to the three primary colors. This is where the name of the main range of the subtractive model is CMYK, where C is cyan (cyan, in Russian it is called blue or greenish blue), M is magenta (magenta shade), Y is yellow (yellow), and K is key color (key color). In this range, the key is natural black. Asking how to get black from the colors of the chromatic spectrum, the typographers realized that not a single shade would replace natural black.
Three primary colors
According to the theory of art by Johannes Itten,There are three primary colors, by mixing which all the other colors of the spectrum are obtained. Itten singled out red, yellow, and blue as primary. Subsequent theories have determined that the ideal primary colors are purple (magenta), cyan (cyan), and yellow. They are called primary colors, which reflect a larger spectrum and which cannot be obtained with a combination of other shades.
In fact, red and blue are notprimary. They absorb more light than they reflect, but despite this, they are still often called primary colors and are used to create the rest of the color wheel.
Note:White and black are not included in the spectrum and color circles and are called achromatic. How to get the black color from the colors always varied and depended on the many currently existing theories.
Pure colors
According to the early theory, pure colors were red,blue, yellow and green. It was believed that they can not be obtained by mixing other shades. Later, with the development of technology, it turned out that the three primary colors that cannot be obtained are purple, blue and yellow.
Modern color theory distinguishes between three primary,three secondary chromatic and one achromatic black. What colors to mix to get black varies. In comparison, everything works: from mixing basic shades to mixing red, blue and yellow, or even red and green.
Secondary colors are green, blue and red.Green is obtained by mixing yellow with greenish-blue. Purple and cyan give blue. And by mixing purple with yellow, you can get a red color.
In theory, the question of how to get blackfrom paints, is solved by mixing the three primary colors in their perfect shades. This is cyan, magenta and yellow. However, it is practically impossible to get perfect black by combining other chromatic colors. In printing and painting uses natural black color.
Natural black
Черный – это фактически отсутствие цвета.The more light rays absorb the surface of an object, the darker it appears. In nature, there is no completely black color, but the darkest carbon Vantablack maximally approached one hundred percent absorption of light, it reflects only 0.035% of the rays.
The main natural pigments of whichblack paint is produced, are carbon. Among them the main ones are graphite and soot. At the dawn of painting, artists thought about what paints should be mixed to get black color, and came to the conclusion that black cannot be achieved by mixing black paints. During the High Renaissance, painters mined black from burnt bones. It was the darkest matte undertone available in the Renaissance.
