Бесконтактные платежи за последние годы сильно rooted in the lives of Russians. The technology allows consumers who do not have paper bills to make purchases. Let us consider in more detail the process of acquiring and all participants in this scheme.
Essence
A plastic card is a payment instrument,providing access to finance. Having read the data from it, you can find out information about the owner and the balance of funds in the account. For these purposes, a terminal is used in retail outlets. By entering a PIN code, the cardholder gives permission to debit funds to pay for goods. Further, several organizations are included in the payment process.
The participants
The issuing bank is involved in making payments.and acquiring bank. Let us consider in more detail the functions of each of them. An acquiring bank is a bank that sets up card acceptance points. For these purposes, the credit institution uses the terminals, advises the organization's staff on accepting and canceling payments, and configures the software. But this is not all the functions of the acquiring bank. Credit institution conducts:
- authorization and verification of card solvency;
- processing incoming requests;
- transfers funds to the point of sale;
- processes the documentation confirming the transaction;
- distributes lists of prohibited (stolen, expired) cards.
The issuing bank issues and services a paymentcard, opens an account for cash flow. The same institution can be an acquirer and an issuer at the same time. In this case, the POS terminal and the buyer's card will be issued by one institution. But if a client has a Tinkoff Bank card and he withdraws money through a Sberbank ATM, then the first credit institution is the issuer and the second is the acquirer. The point of service is called a trade and service enterprise (TSP).
Processing center
To confirm the operation, the card holder mustenter pin code. Immediately after this, the acquiring bank starts the process of checking the code, the functioning of the bank, the account balance. To obtain this data, a request is sent to the processing center. In case of any deviations, the transaction is not allowed to the acquirer.
The processing center is the foundation on whichelectronic operations are under construction. This is an automated system for processing bank card transfers. Its main task is to provide shops with the opportunity to accept non-cash payments. The processing center also carries out mutual settlements between the issuer and the acquirer, the outlet and the cardholder. In Russia, PayOnline is responsible for coordinating payments using VISA and MasterCard cards.
Payment system
The advantage of cashless payments is thatYou can use them anywhere in the world. But the capabilities of the acquiring bank are limited. One institution is technically unable to arrange payments to all outlets or install ATMs everywhere. The communication function is performed by the payment system. Upon request from the processing center, it checks the solvency of the card. If the balance is enough for the operation and the financial institution is a member of the system, it sends a request to perform an electronic operation.
Billing company
Another link that may be present inchained. The billing company, as well as the payment system, takes the function of transferring the transaction to the acquirer, but additionally monitors and manages risks, organizes access to detailed statistics on operations, and provides calculations to account holders.
Bank Internet Acquirer
The principle of online payments is similarthe process of buying goods in the store. Only the way information is transmitted differs. In the first case, the data is read by the terminal, and in the second, the client independently enters them in a special form on the site. The functions of the acquiring bank are performed by a credit institution serving the organization of transactions. All participants in the cashless settlement system should have reliable communication channels and equipment that ensures a quick process of checking and transferring data.
Commission
Acquiring is not a free service.The payment process is the responsibility of several participants in the transaction. The payment system ensures the interconnection of retail outlets and credit institutions around the world, for which it receives a commission within 1-1.1% of the payment amount. The same amount is sent to the issuer for the transfer of funds. And, of course, the commission of the acquiring bank. The average market rate is 2-4%. The scope of the commission is also influenced by the scope of the CTP, the turnover of funds in the customer’s account, the type of communication and the type of device.
The scheme
Самая распространенная схема работы, когда точка directly connects to the equator, for example, through a terminal or a special form on the website. In this case, the bank must develop software for receiving payments and monitor the status of communication channels. The store must provide a transaction, organize the protection of the server, track operations in order to identify potential fraudsters. If the hierarchy of an online store is complex, then programmers will have to deal with the implementation of the system. And this is an additional cost.
The risks of the acquiring bank in case of a bankruptcy
In the event of bankruptcy of the organization providingtheir services to people, credit institutions are at risk of returning funds to cardholders. Not all transactions are paid at the time of purchase. For example, tourists, going on a trip, book hotels and plane tickets in advance. In the event of a bankruptcy of a tour operator, customers will demand a refund for services paid for but not received.
The collapse is a prime example of such a situation.Transaero. The financial institution accepted card payments for deferred tours and air travel, but went bankrupt. According to the rules of international systems in such situations, the problem of the return of funds falls on the acquiring bank. According to preliminary data, the loss of participants in transactions can be hundreds of millions of rubles. It does not matter how exactly the payment was made: directly at the service point, via the Internet or billing. In all cases, the acquirer is financially liable.
Refund
If an acquiring bank server error occurs,money is returned to the buyer's account. The procedure involves contacting the client with the bank, which draws up and sends the application to the acquirer. Credit institution is obliged to return the money. Another thing is that in the case of the considered example of the bankruptcy of the company, the bank will be able to compensate for the losses only in the process of liquidation of the organization.
Tightening requirements
Ввиду ситуации с «Трансаэро» банкиры намерены revise the terms of service of TPN. So, it is proposed to introduce additional guarantees in the form of a pledge or deposit confirming the client's solvency. Among other options, there is also an option to increase the term for crediting funds to the TPS account up to two weeks. This practice was already in the 2000s. But in modern conditions such measures will lead, rather, to the loss of customers.
news
Банк «Россия» разработал собственный эквайринг Internet payments for the use of natural gas. Clients of Gazprom Mezhregiongaz can pay for natural gas through the website of the Bank Russia. To do this, go to the page of the credit institution in the online payments section and transfer funds according to the account number.
Bank Saint Petersburg began to accept the cards of the national payment system Mir in its ATM network, branches and terminals.
Russian Standard Bank from April 6, 2016began serving chip cards of the international system Diners Club International (DCI). Transactions are carried out according to the international standard EMV. This ensures a high level of security of operations. The right to issue exclusive Diners Club cards from the acquiring bank appeared in 2011. Since then, the credit institution is the only one in the country that is responsible for the promotion and status of the brand.
