Formation of budgets of various levelsoccurs due to the state collecting part of the income of organizations and its redistribution. Tax payments of a particular business entity depend on many factors: the direction of work, the selected mode, the availability of the settlement base, etc. For example, property tax accruals, entries made in accounting in connection with this process should be carefully monitored. In case of an error in the calculations or correspondence, the sanctions of the fiscal authorities can be noticeable for the business.
Taxes
All obligatory payments transferredindividuals and legal entities in the state treasury, clearly regulated by the relevant regulations. The tax code of the Russian Federation prescribes the mandatory elements of each type of contribution: rate, base, subject. Macroeconomic indicators of the state are formed on the basis of total income received from business entities operating in its territory. The greatest revenues to the budgets are due to the levy of four major taxes:
- on profit (legal entities);
- income (residents);
- VAT (consumers);
- property (citizens of the Russian Federation and organizations carrying out activities on its territory).
Commitments to make appropriatepayments for legal entities come from the moment of their registration as a business entity. The value added tax is included in the price of a product or service to be sold on the territory of the Russian Federation. Payments for income earned are transferred to all working citizens and organizations that receive it. The tax on the property of organizations (accrual and payment) is borne by all enterprises and individuals who own these objects. For organizations engaged in economic activities, the basis for the payment of assessed contributions is accounting data.
Property tax accrual
Postings that reflect settlement and listingcompulsory payment, constitute all organizations that have objects of fixed assets for production and non-production purposes. The main requirement for the occurrence of the obligation is the registration and implementation of financial and economic activities of the enterprise in the territory of the Russian Federation. At the same time, it should have fixed assets on its balance sheet. The tax code defines a number of enterprises exempted from the payment of property obligations, these include:
- religious associations;
- organizations of persons with disabilities;
- institutions of the correctional system;
- federal roads, railways, pipelines, power lines;
- pharmaceutical laboratories and manufacturing;
- football associations;
- PIs applying simplified tax regimes;
- organizers of the Paralympic and Olympic Games.
Taxpayers do not recognize organizationsexempted at the regional level. As a rule, this benefit is received by housing and utilities enterprises, agricultural, municipal, health care institutions. Article No. 374 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation contains a complete list of property tax payers.
Base
Property contributed to the joint activitymovable, leased, transferred in temporary fiduciary, real estate is the object of calculation of this type of compulsory payment, as property tax. The basis for accrual is reflected in the accounting records of the company on account No. 01. Foreign organizations operating in the territory of the Russian Federation maintain accounting records in accordance with Russian regulatory documents. They are also tax residents and are required to pay property tax. Postings to accounting registers, the formation of a taxable base, the calculation of the amount of tax foreign companies produce in the manner prescribed by the articles of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, if there are no additional regulatory documents adopted by regional fiscal authorities. The object of calculation of payment can not be:
- monuments of historical and cultural heritage (world, federal, regional level);
- land (subject to another type of tax);
- property of the Ministry of Defense, police, correctional system;
- natural, water resources;
- space objects;
- nuclear-type installations, the area reserved for the storage of radioactive waste;
- ships and icebreakers.
Base definition
Every subject performing activitiesof any kind on the territory of the Russian Federation, independently determines the value of the property on the balance sheet. Accordingly, it forms the basis and procedure for calculating property tax. It recognizes the correct calculation made on the average residual value of fixed assets.
In this case, this value includes allanalytical positions of the account 01. The presence of separate subdivisions or branches in other regions is a factor in changing the rate or redistributing the amount between the budgets of various constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The taxable base can be formed by a generalized indicator in the parent company.
Base calculation
The average annual value of the property of the enterprisecalculated on the basis of balance sheet data. It is equal to the difference between the amounts recorded on account 01 and 02. The calculation of property tax in 1C and other accounting bases significantly saves the accountant’s time, since the residual value is generated automatically when the reporting period is closed. In this case, the accumulated depreciation is subtracted from the original price at which the fixed assets object was received and put into operation. The residual value of all property objects is summed up. The resulting value is divided by the number of months, increased by one: 4 - in the quarterly calculation, 13 - in the annual.
Rate
The property tax charge is reflected onthe financial result of the enterprise, but its size directly depends on the number of pieces of equipment and its cost. The upper limit of the rate of this type of mandatory payment is registered in the NC, it is 2.2% of the calculated base. Differentiation is allowed only in the established range and is determined by the normative acts of a regional nature, the category of the payer and the appointment of property objects. The tax rate depends only on the place of registration of the business entity. The funds transferred go to the treasury of the relevant region. In most cases, local authorities apply the maximum allowable value - 2.2%.
Terms of payment
Accounting for property taxmaintained throughout the reporting period (year). The tax code regulates the payment of advance payments once a quarter. The calculation of the annual tax value is made taking into account transfers for the specified period. The deadline for filing the declaration and payment is March 30 of the year following the reporting one. When transferring advance payments, it is necessary to keep within 30 days from the end of the next quarter. At the same time, a declaration is transmitted via electronic communication channels; if the IFTS settlement is received on paper, it is sent 10 days before the deadline. Article 383 of the Tax Code regulates the procedure for submitting information and the date. Taxpayers can use the information reflected in the main document, if there are no regulations of regional significance that prescribe other data.
Charging
Суммовое значение налога на имущество предприятий calculated as the product of the rate (2.2%) and the taxable base (previously calculated). The total value is determined for the reporting year, taking into account the advance payments made. The calculation period depends on the time the company is registered for tax purposes. If divisions and subsidiaries conduct accounting records independently, then on the basis of their balance sheet data they pay tax at the place of registration. At the same time, the parent organization reports only for its own property. For the accrual of advance payments, the product of the rate and taxable base is divided into four each quarter. According to the results of the reporting period, the average annual value of the property is adjusted for the value of retired (liquidated, sold) fixed assets. Upon termination, the company reports and makes the appropriate payments for the period of work, i.e., the offset of the paid advances occurs at the time of the organization’s deregistration.
Accounting
Calculations with the budget and extrabudgetary fundsmakes each subject of economic activity. For accounting purposes, an account 68 has been created, which, in correspondence with cost and cash registers, reflects the processes of accrual and payment of the organization’s obligations to the state. It reflects all types of tax payments arising in accordance with the scope of activity and the system of accounting in the enterprise.
Accounting entries for the calculation of property tax are as follows:
- Dt 91/2 Ct 68 / subaccount - property tax is assessed and included in other expenses;
- Dt 44, 26 Km 68 / subaccount - the accrued tax is charged to the general business expenses of an enterprise or to trade costs.
Both options do not contradict the legislation of the Russian Federationand applied most frequently. When choosing and using the cost allocation method, you need to register the appropriate method in the accounting policy. Understating of the taxable base, incorrect allocation of amounts on the accounting registers are violations that may entail sanctions from fiscal authorities from a fine to administrative liability. The accrual of tax by enterprises in special tax regimes depends on the chosen accounting system. Organizations working on UTII do not pay property tax. The simplified system (15% income - expense) implies the payment of the obligation with its further assignment to expenses. With the simplified taxation system (6%), the tax is paid if the property is owned by the organization, but it is charged to its own expenses.
Payment
The accrual of property tax, wiring andThe calculations made by the accountant are monitored by the tax inspectorate in order to obtain reliable information on the payments to the budget. Credit account 68 with the appropriate analytical accounting is designed to summarize the data in the calculation. To close the register, the result obtained in the calculation of turnovers must be paid by the enterprise to the appropriate account. In this case, the following correspondence is made up: Дт 68 / subaccount Кт 51, 55, 52 - the accrued tax on the property of the enterprise is transferred from the settlement, special or currency account. When transferring it is necessary to check the accuracy of the recipient's details and payment code.
