Patron, the god of the Jews Yahweh is the god of the Old Testament, who had many names. His cult existed even before the union of Jewish tribes in Israel.
The cult of God Yahweh
Initially, the people, who worshiped one god Yahweh,lived in a Jewish tribe. The rest of the Jewish tribes honored other gods - Shaddaya, Anata, Tammuz, Moloch. Yahweh was then depicted in the form of a bull and a lion. After the descendants of Judah became the initiators of the unification of the whole nation of Israel, it was this deity who became the patron of the whole of the kingdom of Israel. Changed in this case and its appearance - the bull has now become a man.
The Jews believe that the god Yahweh lived on Mount Sinai,therefore, it was there that divine services also took place, which included the indispensable blood sacrifices. At the same time, both animals and people were sacrificed, mostly enemies of the Jewish people.
At the same time, Yahweh often communicated directly with people, withsky going down like a pillar of fire or light. Especially his love was used by Moses - it was this god who named his first name for the first time, then he helped his people to be taken away from Egypt, besides, he presented the tablets with the commandments. These events are described in detail in the Old Testament.
It is interesting that modern researchers,who studied the New and Old Testaments in detail, say that in these parts of the Bible, the God of Yahweh is described quite differently, while some major events, such as the creation of the world, also diverge. Therefore, a huge number of assumptions arose as to who this higher power was. According to the versions of some researchers it was a bloody victim, a cruel demon.
According to the second version, the god Yahweh received extraterrestrial origin. There are several facts that prove this theory:
- the image of the flying disk-shaped device is found on the murals of temples and old icons;
- in the book of Ezekiel the description of the "Glory of the Lord" is surprisingly reminiscent of the description of the modern aircraft;
- the rules of God Yahweh suggest that he can infect a person with severe illnesses, and also cure him;
- Yahweh refers to "the sons of men", while distancing from them.
Today, the people who worshiped one god Yahweh are only Jehovah's not-unknown witnesses.
West Semitic Mythology
There are sources in which it is said thatGod had a wife, or rather, two spouses at once. This is Asher and Anat. According to some researchers, among the ancient Jews during the transition to monotheism, he was the only god, while having a wife. Some sources indicate that it was Anat, the other part - Asher. At the same time, in the Old Testament, mention was made of the worship of the Jews, "The Queen of Heaven" - precisely against this the prophet Jeremiah fought.
At the same time archaeological data showthat her cult was widespread in Palestine until about the 6th century BC. e. Despite this, among the researchers there is a confusion between the names of the goddesses themselves, differing in Ugaritic mythology.
Correspondence with other deities
Скорее всего, почитание его было распространено not some ancient Jews, in addition, it was also found in some Western Semitic tribes. For example, in the Phoenicians it is denoted by the name Jevo. He also was in charge of the elements of the sea and was the patron of Beirut, where later texts were found fully dedicated to Yevo. They were created under the influence of various myths about the god of the storm, the Baal-Haddad, the son of Ilu.
At the last name in Hebrew passed in the household nameform, directly in the meaning of "God", while the functions of Elah absorbed Yahweh. He was considered the patron of the Israeli tribal union in Palestine and, most likely, in the same place was the patron of Edom. He struggles with the leviathan and the sea (Yammu) and wins a crushing victory. In Canaan and Ugarit, the god Yahweh was called Yammu - he was the god of the sea, defeated in the battle with Baal.
In the Old Testament
In the Old Testament Yahweh (usually in the synodaltranslated "Lord") is a monotheistic personal God of the people of Israel who brought the Jews out of Egypt, and gave Moses the divine law. It is interesting that the cult of Yahweh is opposed to the negatively valued cult of the remaining Semitic deities. At the same time, the history of the relationship between the inhabitants of Israel and this god is the main plot of the Old Testament.
In the Bible, Yahweh is actually involved in lifeIsrael and other nations, gives commandments, opens to the prophets, and punishes them for disobedience. The perception of the personality of this Old Testament god was different in different philosophical and religious teachings. For example, from the point of view of Christianity, its continuity was emphasized in comparison with the concept of an omnipotent higher power.
Christianity
The name of Yahweh in orthodox Christianitybefits all 3 persons of the Godhead. It is worth noting that Moses and the prophets under the name Yahweh was the Son of God (before the incarnation of Jesus). Yahweh is a legislator, the creator of the world, a deity, a defender, a powerful and supreme ruler. The Synodal translation thus transmits the tetragram with the word "Lord".
In the Christian world, the pronunciation of "Jehovah"It has been used for about 200 years, although in many Russian translations the Bible is rarely found and is replaced by other names (most of them by “the Lord”).
