Around 570 in the city of Mecca, which is locatedin the northeastern region of modern Arabia, a boy was born, named Muhammad, who was destined to become a prophet one of three world religions. The history of Islam began with it.
His family belonged to the Quraish family, whoin turn, was the most powerful kind of city. Parents of Muhammad died very early: Abdallah Abd al-Muttalib died before the birth of his son, and Amin's mother - after he turned 6 years old. Therefore, the orphan was brought up by his grandfather, who was the head of the Hashimite clan. According to the tradition of that time, little Muhammad was given to a Bedouin family for a couple of years, which played a fairly large role in his future. After all, there he acquired such important qualities for a person as patience, stamina, endurance, condescension and love for people. In addition, he learned eloquence and fell in love with a rich and expressive language, so beloved by the Arab Bedouins.
When the Prophet Muhammad was 20 years old, hegot a job as a trader to the widow of Khadija, whom he later married. They had 4 daughters, and two sons died some time after birth. During these years, the Prophet traveled a lot around the world, and his favorite place was a cave near Mecca, where the first of the great events of Islam happened. Once, when he was sitting and meditating in a cave, the voice of Angel Djibriil came to him, at the behest of which Muhammad uttered the words that are currently the first five verses of Sura 96 of the Holy Quran.
At first, Muhammad shared this story only withhis wife and close friends, but over time, when new revelations were sent to him, which proclaimed the Unity of God, the number of his followers began to grow. Among them were both the simple poor and slaves, and the upper class of Mecca. These revelations have become part of the holy book of all Muslims - the Koran.
But it should be said that many did not accept thisreligion. They were pagans and believed in polytheism. In Islam, by contrast, the supreme was the belief in one God, who is exceptional and unique. However, this circumstance only strengthened Muhammad’s realization that his religion was unique and very different from paganism.
After several years of preaching at Muhammad andHis adherents have appeared numerous enemies who insulted and tortured followers of Islam. And when in 622 the Prophet became aware of the impending assassination attempt on his life, he decided to go with his associates to Yarsib, which was later renamed Medina. From this event, called the Hijra, the history of Islam begins.
В Медине происходило быстрое развитие и the spread of the religion of Islam, Islam penetrated into many warring tribes and united them. The supporters of Muhammad became more and more, and some time later, the Medina Code of Laws was released, which recognized Muhammad as a prophet of God and formed a single and separate community - the Muslim Ummah.
Prophet Muhammad died on June 8, 632 afterprolonged illness. His death was a huge loss for the Muslims, they took it as a personal tragedy. After all, a commoner from Mecca was not just a great friend and a great ruler: he revealed to the world a great teaching, which millions of people have been following for centuries in a row.
However, it is impossible to say that the death of the Prophetstopped or stopped the development of Islam in the world. In the future, the history of Islam knew many caliphs and amirs, who performed the main mission of their religion - the report of the Holy Quran to humanity.
The history of Islam in Russia began in the VI-VII century,when, at the time of the expansion of the Arab Caliphate, Islam penetrated into the North Caucasus. From there, it subsequently spread along the Volga and became the main religion of the Golden Horde, the Astrakhan and Kazan Khanates. Today Islam is the second largest religion in Russia. The bulk of Muslims are Tatars, Chuvash, Bashkirs and peoples of the North Caucasus.
Since its inception, the history of Islam has knownpositive and negative sides, ups and downs, but one thing can be said with complete confidence: thanks to the Prophet Muhammad for countless people of all ages and nations, Islam has become an example of behavior and an integral part of life.
