In the heart of the capital is the oldChurch, well known to Muscovites as the temple of Antipas of Pergamum in the Kolymazhny yard. For many years, art courses were placed there first, then a library, and only in the years following the changes made in our life by perestroika, did it reopen the doors to parishioners. About her our short essay.
Church near the sovereign stables
During the reign of Ivan the Terrible tonorth-west of the Kremlin were royal stables. Since ancient times, this place was called Chertol, and in subsequent years it was named the Kolymazhny Court, although the sovereign carriages hardly resembled kolymagi. It is known that it is first mentioned in historical documents dating back to 1365.
Since nothing was done in those years withoutHeavenly patronage, two churches were erected there - in the name of the Conception of John the Baptist and in honor of the holy martyr Antipius of Pergamon. The first is not preserved to our days (dismantled in the XVIII century), and the second still stands today, reminding Muscovites of the days of the past.
Initially, the temple of Antipas of Pergamon on Kolymazhnythe courtyard was wooden, as evidenced by a record made in 1530. But after stables with horses appeared on its western side in 1547, which the sovereign himself rode (whether it was a joke!), It was rebuilt, and the walls were made of stone. The main throne, and she was two-throne, consecrated, as before, in the name of the faithful disciple of John the Theologian - the bishop of the Pergamon church, Antipius, who martyred the Lord by martyrdom. His memory is celebrated to this day by the Orthodox Church on April 24.
One of the favorite churches of Ivan the Terrible
According to legend, in this church I got married with oneTsar Ivan the Terrible among his wives, only when and with which particular one is unclear, there are different opinions on this account. Despite the fact that the church charter allows no more than four marriages, the loving sovereign managed to do it seven times - the kings were not written to the law. However, it is possible that the last three wives were not married to him.
Temple of Antipas of Pergamon in the Kolymazhny yard notaccidentally enjoyed the special attention of the formidable king, the holy great martyr Antipas, he considered one of his heavenly patrons, and among the most revered family relics he kept his tooth, set in silver.
The tomb of Skuratov
It is also known that the church near the royal stablesbecame the family burial of the Skuratov family, one of which, Malyuta, who was the head of the guardsmen of Ivan the Terrible, entered the history of Russia almost as the most bloodthirsty villain of the past centuries. By the way, there is reason to believe that he took an effective (financial, of course) participation in the construction of the church itself and was buried in it after his death in 1573.
Once in 1565 the territory in whichthere was the Chertolye, it was given to Oprichnina, and all who lived on it were evicted, and the houses of the tsar's entourage began to be built there. Among them was the estate of the emperor Peter the Great Skuratov, one of the relatives of Malyuta, mentioned in the documents of 1638. She closely adjoined the church fence.
Aristocrats - parishioners of the temple
When in 1737 in Moscow one of the mostterrible in its history of fires, the temple of Antipas of Pergamum in the Kolymazhny yard became a victim of fire, like most urban buildings. For various reasons, its restoration was delayed and was completed in 1741. Thanks to the generous financial assistance of Prince S. A. Galitsyn, they managed to completely rebuild the limit of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, and later add another - in honor of the Great Martyr Catherine. For many years, among the parishioners of the church were representatives of the loudest aristocratic families, and at the beginning of the 20th century, one of them was the remarkable Russian artist Valentin Serov.
The end of the Kolymazhny stables
In 1830, the court stable on KolymazhnyThe courtyard was abolished. The buildings themselves - still strong enough - were first used as a riding school for horseback riding training, and then a transit prison was located there, known mainly for the fact that at one time Polish revolutionary Yaroslav Dombrowski had escaped from it.
By the beginning of the 20th century, the prisoners in itwere transferred to Butyrka, and the building itself was destroyed. In 1912, the Museum of Fine Arts was solemnly opened on the vacant space, which in 1937 was named after A.S. Pushkin. Its founder was a professor at Moscow University Ivan Vladimirovich Tsvetaev - the father of the famous Russian poetess Marina Tsvetaeva.
Courses of proletarian artists
After the October Revolution, the temple of AntipasKolymazhny yard for several years remained open. It is known that in 1922 Ilya Gromoglasov, the future new martyr of Russia, was ordained to the rank of deacon, a few months after that, was shot on charges of organizing resistance to the seizure of church property.
The temple of the martyr Antipas on Kolymazhny is closedThe courtyard was in 1929. His building was initially planned to be used for placing library funds in it, but then it was decided to transfer it to the courses that prepared so-called “artists of the revolution”, designed to glorify the great achievements of the victorious people with a brush and chisel.
Enlightened Barbarians
Despite the fact that over time were dismantledthe main dome and one of the limits, the Antipas temple in the Kolymazhny yard did not suffer the worst fate - they could have completely destroyed it, as they did with thousands of churches and monasteries all over Russia. But, nevertheless, the creative workers, in charge of which the church was transferred, treated it barbarously.
From the description, compiled in 1966, it is clearthat the building had acquired by this time an abandoned and sloppy look. The roof of the bell tower was missing, and pieces of rotten crates hung from the walls. In the domes preserved until that time, there were gaping holes, and everywhere there were traces of collapsed plaster. At the same time, the Antipas of Pergamon temple in the Kolymazhny yard was partially used as a housing for the new life artists, and the rest of it housed a warehouse.
Revival of the former shrine
The restoration of the temple proceeded gradually, startingas early as 1968, long before the state began to return the property it had withdrawn from the church in the wake of perestroika. However, the restoration works of those years touched only the facade of the building, since the library of the Museum of Fine Arts was located inside it.
Nowadays, the temple of Antipas of Pergamon on KolymazhnyThe courtyard, which address: Moscow, Kolymazhsky Lane, 8/4, p. 1, has become one of the numerous parishes of the capital. It was transferred to the ownership of the Orthodox Church in 2005, but long before that, when it formed a community headed by Archpriest Vladimir (Volgin).
Temple of Antipas at Kolymazhny yard: the schedule of divine services
Already in 2016 for the position of abbotFather Andrei (Shchennikov) was appointed. Under his leadership, the Antipas of Pergamon temple on the Kolymazhny court yard unfolded its religious life in its entirety. The schedule of services held in it is as follows: on weekdays, morning services begin at 8:00, and evening services at 17:00. On holidays and weekends at 9:40 a late liturgy is added to them. All changes made to the schedule are reported in advance on the websites belonging to the temple.
