Датчики движения для освещения по конструкции quite different. First of all, it should be noted that today there are many photocells for these devices. Ultimately, they set their parameters to the sensor. Also, the models differ from each other in sensitivity. This is due to the fact that the amplifiers are installed on them of different power. Assembling a sensor yourself is quite difficult, but if you pick up all the elements and stick to the circuit, you can do it.
Standard wiring diagram
The standard connection scheme of the model suggestsuse of modulation photocell. When this transistors are used most often diode type. The bulb in this case should be located near the amplifier. The bandwidth depends on the type of capacitor. Amplifiers, as a rule, are mounted of a pulse type. However, integrated modifications can also be found in our time. The accuracy of tracking devices ultimately depends on many factors. First of all it concerns the type of filter, which is designed to suppress interference. Additionally, a modulator is installed in the sensors, which can vary in parameters.
Model with a magnetic photocell
To assemble this type of motion sensors forturning on the light with your own hands (the diagram is shown below), first of all, you should choose the case for the device. After that, the lamp is installed directly. Next, it is important to prepare a cartridge. Connect this element only after the modulator. For this purpose, it is necessary to establish a platform for him. In this case, the unit can be fixed in the case with screws.
After connecting the modulator is setpass capacitor. Its capacity for high stabilization of the sensor should not exceed 4 pF. Otherwise, the bandwidth will be significantly reduced. To connect the device to the network diffusers are used. In total, they should have three contacts. One of them is designed for grounding. Ultimately, the light can be switched on via a motion sensor remotely.
The use of broadband photocells
This type of motion sensors are added forturning on the light with your own hands is pretty simple. First of all, it is standard to prepare the housing for the lamp. At the same time for this element space will be allocated separately. The board itself should not be in contact with the surface of the case. The block is fastened most often with screws. Diffusers in this case are used as standard for three contacts. In this connection can be made to the network through the amplifier.
Транзисторы в этой ситуации можно использовать induction type. However, please note that the sensitivity of the sensor will be low. Also in this situation, you can use resistor transistors. The width of transmission they can reach up to 5 microns. In this case, the voltage on the light bulb will be given exactly 5 V.
Dipole resistor sensor
Assemble this type of motion sensors forturning on the light with your own hands is possible if you pick up a high-quality photocell. To increase the sensitivity, many experts advise the use of magnetic analogs. In our time, they are in great demand. Capacitors in this situation, it is advisable to choose the emitter type. The threshold frequency parameter will be at 44 Hz. All this will allow the voltage on the bulb to apply 5 V.
Однако в этой ситуации следует учитывать тип the amplifier. If it is used in a network type, then it is better to install capacitors integrated near the photocell. On average, their capacity is no more than 9 pF. In general, the type of motion sensors to turn on the light of consumer reviews are positive.
Use of selective capacitors
Чтобы собрать данного типа датчики движения для turning on the light with your own hands, you must choose a plastic case for the photocell. In this case, the lamp must be separate. Transistors for this model are suitable integral type. Install them in a row with an amplifier. In this case, you can select the network type. Directly capacitor should be located above the photocell.
Подключение модели стандартно осуществляется through the diffuser. In this case, the first contact should go to the anode, and the second to the cathode. The accuracy of the tracking device depends in this situation solely on the power of the amplifier. Additionally, it should be noted that photocells are suitable for this more magnetic type. If you use an integrated analog, the load on the capacitors will be quite large. Also failures can occur in the transistor.
Supersensitive models
Assemble this type of motion sensors forturning on the light with your own hands is possible if you select a high-quality photocell in advance. Many experts in this case are advised to give preference to magnetic analogs. Their sensitivity is at the level of 55 microns. It should also be noted that the amplifier must be installed with a threshold frequency of 30 Hz. All this is necessary in order to remove the load from the capacitors. Total transistors for the device, you must provide two. One of them must be located at the diffuser. Its patency parameter largely depends on the power of the amplifier. In this case, the bulb can be used as usual.
Low Sensitivity Modifications
With reduced sensitivity how to makemotion sensors to turn on the light? Answering this question, you should know that in such a situation photocells are more appropriate to select radiation. Their sensitivity parameter is on average at a level of 20 microns. It is also important to note that the amplifiers used in the devices are the most diverse. In this situation, it is necessary that the level of negative resistance in the circuit does not exceed 11 ohms.
Otherwise, the resistors burn out quickly.The device can only be connected through a diffuser. As a rule, it is installed with a zener diode. Due to this small voltage drops in the house are not terrible to the device. It should also be noted that it is important to select capacitors with a high capacity.
Modifications with membrane amplifier
Indicated motion sensors to turn on the light(connection diagram is shown below) today are very popular. If you believe the reviews of people, then they are installed quite simply. First of all, external contacts should be cleaned. For this purpose it is necessary to remove the diffuser cover. After that, the first contact is selected and connected to the output cable. Next you need to connect the ground. If we talk about the sensor, then the membrane amplifier in the device significantly increases the threshold frequency parameter. Photo cells are suitable for almost all types. However, many experts advise capacitors to install integral ones. In this case, they are able to serve quite a lot.
Special attention deserve resistors.Some of them use modular devices when assembling them. However, in this case, the negative resistance parameter in the sensor will be approximately 6 ohms. On the photocell, this load is considered quite large. To solve this problem, you should pay attention to the double-row resistors. All of them for the device will need two. The first must be installed near the photocell. In this case, the second is often positioned for better conductivity behind the amplifier.
Dielectric resistors
In our time, this type of motion sensors forswitching on the light (wiring diagram shown below) are quite rare. Photovoltaic cells are most often installed beam. However, some manufacturers produce models with magnetic counterparts. To independently assemble the sensor, it is necessary to prepare the register capacitors. Resistors are important to install behind the amplifier.
The sensitivity level of the sensor depends onpower zener diode. The device is connected through a diffuser. It is installed most often on three contacts. The first device is connected through the anode. After that it is important to check the grounding. During normal operation of the device, the level of negative resistance does not exceed 40 Ohms.
Using absorbing filters
With absorbing filters there are varioussensitivity motion sensors to turn on the light with your own hands. How to make a model yourself? Answering this question, you should know that devices of this type are assembled only on the basis of a beam photocell. However, the first is fixed modulator. For high sensitivity, it is selected from the P20 series. It should also be noted that the resistors for the device are suitable only vector type. Their permeability depends not only on the photocell, but also on the amplifier.
Power supplies for the device are selected inaverage 20 V. At the same time, conventional incandescent bulbs can be used. Cartridge for them can be purchased in many stores. Directly filters in the devices play the role of absorbers. In this case, low-frequency interference is eliminated. It is necessary to place this element near the condenser. In the end, it should be noted that the specified motion sensors to turn on the light in the stairwell are installed quite often.
