Electrical installation is the collective name of allelectrical apparatus along with the facilities in which they are located. They serve for the production of electric energy, its transmission and distribution, transformation into other forms of energy.
Электроустановка считается действующей, когда она is energized or current will appear after switching on the switches, if there is a power line nearby or intersecting it. Electrical installations have a direct or alternating current, the voltage sometimes exceeds 1000 volts.
Safety signs used on suchinstallations represent a color and graphic image of a certain form, on which inscriptions are made, warning workers about the dangers, carrying some kind of useful safety information for people.
The need to warn workers
Safety posters in electrical installations are neededto ensure the safety of staff working at the enterprise. They warn people in advance of danger when working with electric current, in order to avoid injury and death in the workplace. Saving human life is always a priority task of any production manager, especially if we are talking about electrical installations.
Posters and safety signs in electrical installationsused in order to prohibit or permit the execution of some actions when the voltage is turned on, notifying employees about the connected devices, the distance that you can reach the switch, to indicate the direction and location of structures and units.
Types of symbols of dangerous places
There are several types of safety posters in electrical installations:
- Prohibition signs notifyperform some kind of action or turn on electricity when work is being done, do not move around the territory without special protective equipment, in order to prevent an error when current is applied to the workplace.
- Warning posters talk about the danger of finding or approaching current-carrying parts, to connected wires, to devices under high voltage.
- Prescriptive labels give permission to perform an operation using a given place or apparatus, to approach elements that are already de-energized, recommend to fulfill some requirements.
- Pointing posters show employees placing on the production of various devices, the direction of movement to objects of interest.
The difference of posters and signs on the nature of their use
Safety posters in electrical installations canbe of two types. Constants, which are located in the same places, and portable, changing dislocation due to production needs, based on work assignments and intentions. Safety signs are only permanent.
The material from which these products are made,also different. It is recommended to use only products that do not conduct electrical current. These are electrical insulating special materials such as fiberglass, polystyrene, PVC, textolite, getinax. If the signs are made of metal, then they can be installed only far away from live parts or materials.
Signal colors
Posters and safety signs used in electrical installations have different signal colors. They are of the same type with all the safety signs on the production in all countries of the world.
The prohibition signs are red in color, to it withpurpose of contrast added white. These bright colors are taken for better perception of visual information by people in the enterprise. The red color against the gray wall is clearly visible from afar. For example, the sign "DO NOT INCLUDE! WORK PEOPLE! ”Prohibits to apply voltage to the line where the repair team is at the moment, so as not to expose them to the danger of electric shock.
Yellow color is given to warning signs announcing an immediate or probable hazard. The black rim serves as a contrasting color.
Blue and white are the colors of prescriptive signs that introduce useful information regarding safety when working on electrical installations, denote elements of technical information.
Green signs allow you to perform safe actions, show the output, the direction of movement to the first-aid stations, the location of first-aid kits and signal lamps.
Where are signs and posters used?
Posters and safety signs used inelectrical installations are installed in places of the greatest possible danger to employees of the enterprise or on devices that pose a threat to human life. Thanks to the contrasting signal colors, they clearly stand out against the background of surrounding objects and equipment. They should be clearly visible to employees, but should not distract their attention. Also, the signs themselves can not be dangerous to others.
Safety Posters in Electrical InstallationsIt is recommended to install above the fencing area of hazardous equipment or live transmission lines. The signs prohibiting entry into the premises are located at a height of 0.5 m above the entrance to the building or the top element of the fence. The distance is measured to the bottom of the mark.
Signs are also posted on the drives.disconnectors, load switches, switching equipment, on keys and remote control buttons, in automatic devices, above switches. Portable signs are posted using a rope.
In settlements, signs that are mounted onpower transmission towers, placed at a height of 2.5-3 meters from ground level. If the spans of the supports are frequent, less than 100 meters, then signs are hung out through one support, if the spans are large, then on each. It is also done if the power lines are crossed by road overpasses.
The quality of paint and varnish materials
On concrete or metal surfacesequipment, supports of overhead lines, switchboard doors or cameras, it is recommended to paint posters and safety signs using stencils. There are still convenient to use products on self-adhesive film.
Лакокрасочные материалы должны быть сигнальных colors and be resistant to changes in climate and to the different production conditions in which rooms such graphic images are used. Over time, such security tools should not change color, should be clearly visible to the eye both in the daytime and in the dark. At night and in conditions of insufficient visibility, it is recommended to illuminate posters and safety signs with additional lamps.
Self adhesive signs
Materials used for making posterssafety in electrical installations, should not conduct electrical current. The basis for such products is mainly PVC or polystyrene of 3 mm. These materials are applied self-adhesive film of several types. This is a common, reflective or light-accumulating product series.
Sometimes protective lamination of signs is applied on top. Such products are fastened with scotch tape or hardware.
Standard Character Sizes
According to the standard requirements of the instructions, the size of the images depends on the types of safety posters in electrical installations. They can be large - 240x130 mm - or small - 80x50 mm.
Signs prohibiting, such as “TESTING. DANGER TO LIFE ”or“ DO NOT LESS. WILL KILL ”are created in size 280x210 mm.
Yellow warning signs, according tostandard, the sizes of the parties are different, depending on the location of their location on the territory of electrical installations. If the mark is placed on the building, then the side of the triangle is 360 mm. On the doors of working premises - 160 mm, 100 mm or 80 mm. For placing marks on small parts of the equipment or packaging sizes are also reduced: 50 mm, 40 mm or 25 mm.
The use of posters and safety signs inElectrical installations are of utmost importance to guarantee the preservation of human lives in production. The head of a hazardous enterprise must constantly monitor compliance with all safety rules and regulations, conduct awareness-raising and training sessions for all employees, monitor daily workflow and bear personal responsibility for the safety of employees.
