The construction of high-rise buildings and shopping centers is notdoes without filling of the base. But in order for the preparatory work to take place in a short time, and the foundation has dried well, we need trenches or trenches used for these purposes. Most people are faced with the concept of "trench" most often in building use and few people remember that such pits have deep historical roots.
A bit of prehistory
Middle Ages - it's time for knightly tournaments,romantic stories of love and the universal struggle for territory. Each castle or any fortification separated a deep ditch or trench filled with water.
To survive and save relatives from death in the handsenemies, the owners of the fortresses spent a lot of money to maintain them in working condition. At that time, a trench is not a whim and not part of the architects idea of the builders, but a necessary thing for survival.
By the beginning of the twentieth century, due to the technicalboom, there have been changes in the role of the pits in everyday life. If you recall, the trench is a ditch, the depth of which varies based on the requirements and purposes of use.
The most common trenches received inearly twentieth century during the First World War, and after the Second World War. To protect the soldiers, they dug deep holes, half or full-length.
The trapezoidal shape made it easy to hide from crossfire and is relatively convenient to get a short rest in the intervals between shelling.
Trench types
In the military, use one- and two-sidedheaps for protection. The large role is played by depth, width, and also additional constructions along a trench. It can be extensions in the form of platforms for shooters or dugouts under the command post.
In the construction business must be considered notonly the main points, but also the properties of the soils on which the buildings will be constructed. The denser the ground, the easier it is to carry out the preparatory work.
For sandy areas it is possible to useformwork or supporting supports depending on the depth of the pit. According to the unspoken rule on sandy and gravel soils, the depth of the trench should be no more than one meter, sandy loam - one meter thirty centimeters, clay - up to one and a half meters, dense grounds - up to two meters.
Work organization
Before the construction work of the master inmust necessarily calculate the depth and length of the trench under the foundation. If the building is dimensional, in several floors, a foundation pit is needed for the equipment of the basement and basements.
But do not forget that the need has increased andin trenches that are used when replacing or installing new communications and life support. Masters can use both manual labor and automate it to quickly solve problems.
To carry out the required work, especially ifthey affect the pedestrian or roadway, it must be protected with bright tape or signal flags. Before the event, it is worth taking care of the technique, if necessary.
Utilities use tractors, excavators, located on the balance sheet. But such a technique is not always convenient in hard-to-reach places because of its size.
How to dig a hole under the foundation
Firms engaged in the production of special equipment,offer several models of manual trencher. Such an assistant has a lot of advantages and can be used not only for construction purposes, but also for upgrading personal plots.
Trencher can be divided by the waymovement (manual, self-propelled), as well as the type of engine (two-or four-stroke). Manual trencher is a universal tool for working on any type of soil. Although there are models that require replacement chains for each type of soil.
The advantage of this mechanism is the speedexcavation of land, as well as the possibility of use in many industries. In an average of sixty minutes, a trencher can dig a ditch from seventy to one hundred and eighty meters, depending on the ground.
Is it necessary to compact the soil
After the work, do not forget thatthe land that was dug up, and after falling asleep in the same ditch, will eventually subside. This issue is especially relevant for trenches dug on the carriageway or in places of frequent use.
Prevent the sinking of holes in the future withusing backfilling trench. Given the properties of the soil, as well as groundwater, the workers should consider possible collapses. In areas with sandy soil, it is advisable to use additional gravel for tamping, which will easily pass water, but do not sag.
In order to keep the excavated land on the surface, mechanical devices are used for tamping: motor concrete, tamper, roller.
Если же почва плотная и трудно поддаётся Processing, experts suggest to fill the trench, leaving on the surface of the earthen roller, which over time will pass. This method is useful if the ditch is dug in a place little frequented by people.
If you have a need for diggingtrench, it does not mean that you need to rush to the store in the morning and purchase a hand-held trencher. Yes, it is affordable, although it requires a significant amount of maintenance. It is easier to rent special equipment for a certain period, convenient for the customer.
