In the installation of building structures in addition to basicproperties and performance of the materials used, auxiliary elements play an important role. Among them, a special place is occupied by insulators, which ensure the integrity of the basic structure. Essential function of this component in roofing. Due to the insulating layer, a barrier is formed before precipitation and other external influences. In the market there are various means of providing such protection, but the most effective material is the waterproofing diffusion membranes, which are laid directly into the roof structure. But roofing systems are not limited to the scope of this coating. For example, the insulator is also used in laying floor and wall materials.
General information about diffusive insulators
Especially for the preservation of technical and physicalproperties of the roofing of the roof builders use waterproofing roofing films. Most of them are realized in the form of rolls, which are practically virtually indistinguishable from each other. It is possible to assess such insulators according to different criteria, among which vapor permeability. Actually, this is the main quality of polymer films, which causes the possibility of their structure to pass water vapor. In the language of specialists this parameter is called the diffusion flux density. In practice, the use of vapor permeability determines the intensity of moisture passing through the roof into the rooms used. Thus, diffusion membranes minimize the possibility of penetration of sediments and their derivatives under the roof. Similar functions are performed by almost all specialized waterproofing agents, but the ability to withstand the intense effects of precipitation in conditions of gusty wind is also referred to as membranes. Also, if conventional insulation layers form only basic protection against rain drops and snow, then the diffusion film becomes an effective barrier against water vapor.
The principle of the membrane
A common problem with many waterproofing agentsis the accumulation of moisture in one place - usually in front of an impenetrable layer. Competent installation provides special channels for liquid removal, but this method does not eliminate all operational problems. The diffusion membranes, which are included in the roofing "pies", work on a different principle. It acts not passively, but actively, that is, do not provide a stationary barrier, but at the expense of a special layer conducts moisture from the heater to the place of future run-off or weathering. Therefore it is very important to have the right side of the material in the work area.
The very structure of the functional web of suchThe insulators resemble a capillary pump that is formed by two layers. The fleecy fabric performs the function of a moisture collector and transfers it to the perforated areas. Further, through the microscopic holes, droplets with steam are leaked onto the outer side of the web. In this scheme, there is a risk of liquid contact with the metal elements of the roof structure. To prevent corrosion processes, a bulk diffusion membrane on a polypropylene non-woven base is used. Also save sensitive materials to moisture will help films with increased bandwidth - they quickly provide the output of moisture, reducing the chances of destructive processes.
Varieties of membranes
Coverage of this type varies by severalcriteria, but the main is the degree of vapor permeability. In particular, they emit low- and high-permeable insulators. The first category includes diffusion membranes, which consist of 2-3 layers with reinforcing mesh. Such a material has an average ability to conduct water vapor, but as a universal means of protection against precipitation may be the best solution. Highly permeable materials exhibit a higher level of throughput, which is why they are also called superdiffusion films. Again, the high speed of the moisture does not allow it to condense, which helps to protect the insulation layer from destruction. For this reason, builders simplify the insulation layer, eliminating them from the ventilation gaps.
Also in some cases usedspecial types of vapor-permeable films, among which are the mentioned bulk membranes. This material is usually used to provide insulation seam and metal coatings. They install volumetric separation diffusion membranes with the provision of the upper ventilation gap on the roofs made of aluminum, steel, titanium and other metals.
Characteristics of diffuse membranes
The main performance indicator of suchmaterials is vapor tight. But the choice also takes into account other characteristics - for example, grammar, water resistance and temperature resistance. As for grammar, it refers to the mass of the film, which increases in proportion to the thickness of the material. Also, as the weight increases, the mechanical strength of the insulation also increases. On the market you can find films, the grammar of which varies from 60 to 270 g / m2. It also matters the resistance of the coating towater pressure. This characteristic indicates the watertightness, which has a diffusion membrane in a particular version. There are different methods for estimating this parameter, but the simplest is considered to be a system that provides for marking by classes W1-W3. Thus, the belonging of the membrane to the category W1 indicates that the material for 2 hours will be able to withstand the pressure of a water column, whose height is 20 cm.
In addition to precipitation and humidity, waterproofing damagefilms can cause warm sunny weather. In the standard version, such materials withstand peak temperature effects in the range of 80-100 ° C. As for resistance to ultraviolet, for example, the diffusion membrane "TechnoNIKOL" in the basic version can be under the direct rays of the sun for 3 months. For enhanced modifications, this time period is extended to 4 months.
Roofing Applications
The roof includes an insulating membraneprovides protection for insulation and internal parts of the structure. The layer performs several functions at the same time - in addition to protection from moisture and steam, it also protects roof elements from weathering. It is wrong to relate the tasks of this material to the insulation of the building premises. The main functions of the membrane nevertheless extend to the protection of the warming layer, which, in turn, regulates the moisture and, in some cases, temperature conditions. During the design of the membrane device, it is necessary to prevent the possibility of water running off from the film surface to the heat insulator at the joints. As a rule, the under-roof diffusion membrane is adjacent to the ventilation channels, chimney and chimneys, antenna racks and other third-party components, intersections with which must be isolated.
The use of membranes in the device flooring
Ensuring reliable insulation is also required in thepremises. So, floor surfaces retain decorative and technical qualities only in conditions of optimal temperature and humidity conditions. Of course, there are materials that are not sensitive to the same effects of moisture, but wood surfaces do not belong to these. Typically, the use of diffusion membranes in flooring is limited to the creation of an auxiliary substrate for insulation. However, the floor on which the work is performed may matter. The most demanding is the lower level in a private house, especially if it connects the living space with the basement.
Use in facing of walls and facades
Using a diffusion film also provideprotection against weathering and moisture of heat-insulating materials that are part of the ventilated facades. Membranes are placed on the outside, thus providing the possibility of the passage of excess moisture and steam through the ventilated gap in the cladding. The installation is carried out directly on the facade of the house with heat-insulating panels. By the way, if the design uses a metal support frame, then a bulk diffusion membrane is optimally suited, which will create a natural moisture runoff without the risk of corrosion. If you plan to use siding or wall paneling in the decoration, then the film should be fixed close to the outer side of the insulation under the decorative lining. This is one of the simplest ways to use diffuse insulators, since it requires minimal effort in terms of installation - it is enough to use a construction stapler or galvanized studs and fasten the material to the supporting structure.
Mounting a diffusion membrane
With the external method of placing the materialIt is desirable to perform the operation in dry weather and with the fixation of the insulator. The membrane should be rolled over the entire working surface and secured with studs or brackets. Classical installation on the roof involves laying horizontal stripes with an overlap of about 15 cm. In this case, the vertical joints of the endings should be placed on the rafters. All points and lines of gaps between individual pieces of material are fixed using butyl rubber or acrylic tape. Ventilation clearance is not required if diffusion membranes are planned to be installed on the roof, but when laying the insulator on the facade surfaces it is better to provide it. In winter, the load on the insulating material increases significantly, so it is recommended in the fall to perform a roof inspection to determine the tightness of the membrane to the insulator. If rafters have a thickness greater than that of a heat insulator, the vapor-tight material should be pressed to their side with slats of 2x3 cm size. Also, building brackets can be used for this task. In the course of work, one should be guided by the fact that the lower edge of the membrane ensures unhindered removal of moisture in a special drainage channel.
Manufacturers
Нетканый паронепроницаемый материал представляют There are various manufacturers on the market, among which there are many domestic ones. In particular, the diffusion membrane "TechnoNIKOL" allows you to arrange waterproofing, which simultaneously protects the structure from contact with moisture and allows the surfaces to "breathe." The material of this line is presented in several versions, including with reinforcing fibers. Also, users have gained the confidence of super-diffusion film "TechnoNIKOL", which is made of three-layer microporous material. The difference of this insulator is the bilateral use of non-woven polypropylene, which performs a protective function for the main layer. It is advisable to use such a membrane in roofing coatings, which require not only the high-quality performance of insulation tasks, but also the preservation of the strength properties of the structure.
Pretty famous manufacturerDuPont also specializes in the protection of wall and roofing systems by means of air and water filtration. Under this brand is Tyvek diffusion membrane, which is a multifunctional hydro windproof film. The material has a mesh structure formed by polymer fibers. Unlike competing insulators, Tyvek coatings are environmentally friendly. That is, they can be used both in the exterior and in the structure of the internal facing coatings. In both cases, the inclusion of a diffusion film of this brand will ensure the dryness and durability of the finish.
Conclusion
Traditional methods of insulating devicesInterlayers usually do not require compliance with special installation conditions. It is enough to pick a sheet or plate of the appropriate size and fix the material in the work area. According to this principle, both the warming material and waterproofing are usually mounted. The diffusion membrane, in turn, guarantees a higher operational effect than conventional insulators. But to achieve it, it is important to follow the rules for the location and attachment of vapor-proof films with respect to insulating layers. Roof structures in this regard are the most complex, since the material that removes moisture can come into contact with other components of the coating and roof systems. Also, communication for drainage should be provided initially, with which the diffusion material will interact. From the point of view of installation, the installation of insulators on walls and facade constructions looks somewhat simpler. In such cases, all the same, the task of preserving the ventilation properties of the coating comes to the fore, which are realized by the inclusion of a vapor-tight membrane in the composition of the insulation layer.
