Designing of water supply and sewerage. Design rules

Few would speak out against living in a private orcountry house. Most of the townspeople are already trying to get out into the fresh air in order to rest from the noise of the metropolis and annoying neighbors behind the wall. And the owners of private houses also have the opportunity to enjoy the beautiful nature in the morning, and it is every day. But is it good living below the high rises?

One of the shortcomings is the absencecentralized connection to the system of engineering communications. Here you have to do everything yourself, starting with the local design of water supply and sanitation.

What you need to know when starting work

Network arrangement involves the implementation in two versions:

• in the new building;
• rebuilt, already operated house.

The first scheme is easier to implement.Water supply and sewage design is taking place at the stage of drawing a house. It is possible to predict the placement of points of water pumping, to assume the location of technological holes in the walls and the foundation.

Arranging the plumbing in an already inhabited structure, it may be necessary to put more effort into the implementation of the plan. But the task is feasible in this case.

Stages of creating a local water supply and sewerage network

The process consists of several points of the plan, which must be carried out, following the sequence:

• Start by selecting the location of the water supply: the central water supply (if you can connect to it), a rebuilt well, or a drilled artesian well at the site
• after that dealt with sewage treatment plants. Most often this is a septic tank or a deep bio-cleaning station.

Both of the proposed options have their own advantages.

In the presence of a bio-cleaning station it is possible to achievethe highest rate of purification of drinking water. Such an installation does not exhibit excessive noise and does not emit unpleasant odors into the environment. For the installation of suitable soil of any type, and even a high level of groundwater does not interfere with the arrangement.

Of the deficiencies noted volatility.The operation of the site requires a constant supply of electricity. In addition, this station is worth a lot. The septic tank will be cheaper, but the construction of a sewage treatment plant requires additional arrangement of filtration fields, and for this purpose, soils with certain indicators of groundwater level, density, salinity are suitable.

Pursuing water supply design andsewage in the country, that is, in a house that is not intended for year-round living, you can choose one of the economic options: mount a storage tank or build a cesspool.

• Having decided the fundamental points, proceed to the development of the project.
• After creating the scheme, take up the construction of the well or the drilling of a well.
• Having dealt with the previous step, install the pump that will supply water to the house and, using the water supply project, begin to build a pipeline.
• Put on water purifying filters.
• Install the sewage scheme.
• The last and final stage of installation of the pipeline and drainage systems is a trial start of the system and carrying out commissioning works.

The calculations associated with the arrangement of water supply

Designing water supply and sanitation requires special calculations. The coherence of each branch of the system will depend on their accuracy.

Water pressure and its value

So, choosing equipment for water supply, inIn this case, the pump, pay attention to its technical characteristics - water pressure at the outlet of the pump. In order for the water supply to be carried out without pressure loss and evenly flowed to each of the points of the pumping, calculate the indicator of pressure loss in the system when the water rises through the pipeline to the height of the second, third floor or higher. At the same time it is necessary to take into account the selection of water by neighboring consumers along the way of its transportation.

Installation of an internal sewage system does not require such calculations.

System arrangement techniques

The basic rules for the design of water supply and sewage systems include:

1. From the toilet to the riser pipe is supposed to be laid with a diameter of 110 mm.
2. To all other points of water discharging according to the scheme of the sewerage in the house lay pipes with a diameter of 50 mm.
3. A sewer riser is brought to the roof for ventilation.
4. When designing the pipeline, do not forget thatObserve the optimum stealing of the slope of the pipes and the angle of rotation. Exceeding the norm or insufficient slope may result in blockage in the pipe.
5. Make sure that the corners of the corners are gentle, do not exceed 90 degrees.

Important! If it turns out that when laying pipes the angle is too steep, then instead of one direct tap, mount two at 45 degrees.

Features of installation of systems for drainage and water supply

Developing a project and drawing up a scheme, picking upnecessary materials for design, proceed to the arrangement and installation of systems. There are five basic rules for the construction of water supply and sanitation. Design and installation - inseparable stages of design. From the literacy of the first depends on the further functioning of the entire system. The main rules include:

1. Exposure of the optimum angle of inclination at the location of pipes.
2. Starting work from a fixed point. For example, when working with an external pipeline, work begins from the point of entrance to the septic tank - the lowest point of the sewage system.
3. Features of pipe joints.Working with plastic products, you can not expose them to excessive stress, mechanical stress, otherwise there may be microcracks, which in the future will lead to the leakage of the pipeline.
4. Laying the internal network, do not forget aboutadditional fixation of pipes to walls or other wall structures. Fastening is carried out with the help of special clamps. This is done in order to prevent them from sagging.
5. When connecting plastic pipes with different diameters, difficulties often arise. To avoid inconvenience, it is recommended to lubricate the sealing cuff with liquid silicone.

Important!When using silicone grease (sealant), an additional seal is formed at the grouting point, which gives the system even greater tightness. But if the system has to be dismantled back, then the pipes treated with sealants will be difficult to separate.

Assembling plumbing: the basic rules

Прежде чем приступать к работе и воплощению projects, do not forget to get permission from the municipal authorities to drill a well or organize water intake from a centralized branch. In SES, take a certificate on the use of water as drinking.

SNiP in the design of engineering systems

In the design of water supply and sanitationSNiP is important. All work is carried out in accordance with this regulatory document. When installing plumbing systems follow these rules:

1. Choosing a place for a septic tank on the site, considersoil type. Remember that in the presence of clay rock the minimum distance of the septic tank to the point of water intake should be 30 meters; with sandy soils, the distance of the settler is from 50 to 80 meters.
2. When drawing up the layout of water pipes, consider the level of soil freezing, otherwise the water circulating in the system may freeze.
3. When installing plastic pipes, make sure that the water supply networks do not give in to overheating. Therefore, run pipes close to the heating system.
4. When installing, observe the slope of the pipes directed to the central valve.
5. At the starting point of the pipeline, it is recommended to provide for the installation of an additional valve regulating the water supply. So the system can be cut off in the event of repairs.

Water supply and sewage design,the design rules that we have learned are labor intensive. This is a process that does not tolerate haste, and any mistake can adversely affect the effective operation of the system. Because the project of water supply, diagrams, drawings and drafts of installation of engineering systems are so important when carrying out the pipeline and system of water drainage.