Drainage device on the site do it yourself easilycan be produced if necessary. This may be necessary when there is excessive moisture in the area, which can cause many problems. If you have not thought about this issue, then the first signs that should be paid attention to are stagnant puddles. They may not leave the site for several days or even weeks. Do not neglect these disadvantages of the territory, because after a while you will certainly encounter such problems as not only wetting the foundation, but also its destruction. Not to avoid minor troubles in the form of soaked plants and trees, which may even perish from excessive moisture. Especially often the device drainage on the site with your own hands is necessary if it is located in a valley where the groundwater level is high.
Drainage Types
Drainage can be equipped with one of severalways. The first is called deep drainage, the second - superficial. The last of these is used to drain water from the area, which accumulates after seasonal floods or heavy precipitation, while the former is used to reduce the level of soil moisture by diverting groundwater. The type of drainage is usually chosen not only depending on the condition of the site, but also in accordance with the preferences of the owner. Despite the fact that each species has differences and its own characteristics, it can be arranged on its own.
Features of drainage design
Устройство дренажа на участке своими руками must be done according to the rules. So, if we talk about the surface, then this type can be point or linear. The first is designed to drain fluid from oversized areas that are very separate. But if there is a need to cope with the accumulation of water, then it is necessary to equip the water intakes, which basically imply the presence of point drainage. These can be areas that are located under the gutters, in the lowlands of the relief, as well as in the lower part of the terraces, and the entrance plots act as objects for the installation of point drainage. This system is the simplest and does not imply the need for preliminary preparation of a special scheme.
Drainage device on the site do it yourselfwill be more difficult when it comes to a linear type system. This type of drainage involves the task of draining water from buildings, in addition, such systems are perfectly able to cope with the protection of the tracks in the area from the water paths, they are excellent at protecting the entrances, as well as resist the washing away of the fertile soil layer from the territory of the country site.
Features of linear drainage
If we describe linear drainage, we can saythe following: this design is represented by a well-planned shallow trench system. The latter are laid at a certain angle, located along the perimeter of the territory and in those places where water accumulation is most marked. The device drainage on the garden site with their own hands involves the drafting of the site. In the presence of a trunk should be a trench, which is necessary to collect water entering the ditch. Its end should be in the water intake, which can be a ravine or a traditional storm sewer.
During the design must be consideredplaces where water stagnation is noted. This is necessary in order to lay trenches from these points to the main drainage system. It must be understood that the slope of the flow must be correctly calculated, otherwise the water will not leave. The smallest drainage slope is 0.003 m, as for sandy soils. As for clay soils, this indicator should be equal to 0.002 m. The water intake must be positioned so that its position is below the linear drainage, it is with this calculation that it is necessary to drain the site with your own hands. Drainage of sites, as practice shows, occurs most effectively if the slope is equal to 0.005-0.01 m.
Features of surface drainage
When arranging surface drainageterritory need to apply two methods. The first one is open. It involves digging open trenches. The walls of such structures should be formed at an angle of 30 °; it is these parameters that will allow the fluid to freely flow into the ditch. The design should have a width of 0.5 m, while its depth should be equivalent to 0.7 m. The main advantage of such a system is the ease of execution. However, there is a serious disadvantage, which is expressed in an unaesthetic appearance, which will spoil the overall impression of the site.
Strengthening the walls of the drainage system
Among other things, it should be noted that ifthe walls are not strengthened, they soon begin to crumble, which will cause the structure to become unusable. It is possible to solve this problem by using crushed stone dumping, which prevents the destruction of the trench, but it does not avoid the fact that throughput will be significantly reduced.
Drainage plot with their own hands, technologythe device of which must be studied before the start of work, involves the filling of rubble in the lower part of the groove, it is necessary to use coarse fraction material, whereas for the upper part fine grained gravel should be taken. This will solve the problem of crumbling walls. On top, everything can be covered with turf.
You can solve the problem of shedding and wayuse of drainage trays mounted in trenches, on top of this all must be closed with gratings. The latter are necessary in order to exclude the ingress of garbage. The base of the trays can be concrete, plastic or polymer concrete, while the grille can be steel or plastic.
Features of the device of deep drainage
If you are interested in the device drainage systemon the site, then you can consider more features of the installation of the construction of the deep type. This will reduce the overall soil moisture. In order to ensure the effective operation of the system, it should be located below the groundwater line. Initially, a geodesic plan of the site is made, which will allow us to understand where the aquifer lies.
In order to determine at what depth the drains will lie, it is necessary to take into account the average values. Thus, the pipes can be positioned at a depth of 0.6 to 1.5 m.
If you have to work with the territory in whichpeat soils, trenches should be laid more deeply, this is due to the fact that such soils rather quickly settle. The depth of installation is within 1-1.6 m. In order to work on the arrangement of the system, it is necessary to use perforated pipes. As a rule, they are based on plastic. Drainage in the summer cottage with their own hands, the device of which is described in the article, is done using drains, as for the depth system. Thus, the drains are pipes Ø50-200 mm in which there are holes Ø1.5-5 mm.
Recommendations for the installation of deep drainage
In the case of the deep system, as witharrangement of surface drainage, the system assumes the presence of a main trench. It will begin to collect moisture from the secondary pipes, and its end will go to the receiving water. When making a plan, it is necessary to take into account that the perforated pipes will be mounted on the basis of sand and rubble. In the course of the work it will be necessary to produce trench equipment For this, channels are dug out, the width of which is equal to 40 cm. The foundation is laid on the bottom layers by layer, only after you can begin to lay the pipe. Sometimes it is wrapped with geotextile, which protects the holes from clogging.
Installation of wells
Without the help of experts at the first level can notdo-it-yourself deep-well drainage; the project, the device must be entrusted to a team of professionals. In order to be able to control the process of drainage and clean the system, you need to install special wells. They can be based on reinforced concrete. However, if the depth of the drainage is no more than 3 m, then corrugated pipes should be used. Buildings should be supplemented with covers to prevent the ingress of garbage.
Recommendations for the installation of wells
You must follow all the rules if you decideto implement the drainage device at the site, the general idea of the drainage of the deep type involves placing wells in a straight line with steps of 50 m, as for the winding trench, then the wells should be at each turn. Be sure to contact the survey service if you need to build such a deep drainage system.
