With the disposal of wastewater in suburban conditionshome cleaning is a must. Since the issue of ecology remains relevant, it should be remembered that the drainage of untreated water into the soil is prohibited. In this regard, in addition to treatment systems, should be provided for the construction of underground filtration in country houses.
For the treatment of domestic waste water are usedseptic tanks, after which the filtration well is installed. Such measures are spelled out in existing sanitary standards. After reviewing them, you will be able to understand that it is also important to have underground filtration fields, sand and gravel filters and filter trenches. The choice of a building will depend on:
- the depth of occurrence of groundwater;
- soil type;
- availability of aquifers and other factors.
For biological wastewater treatment today most often used filtration wells.
Description
The filtering well is a construction, in qualitythe main destination of which is biological wastewater treatment in the local sewage system. Such treatment facilities are arranged when there is no possibility to divert sewage into the reservoir through the drainage system. In such cases, the house is removed from the reservoir or the plot has an insufficient inclination. In this regard, there is a need for removal of sewage into the ground.
Фильтрационный колодец является самостоятельным drainage facility or means for cleaning sewage. In the first case, the well is located on the site, if the volume of wastewater is not more than one cubic meter per day. The second case involves the use of a well for the purification of sewage before they are discharged into the soil.
Features of filter wells
Filter wells are used to clean wastewater, when water consumption per day does not exceed 50 cm3. This indicates that no more than 3 people should live in the house. If we are talking about sandy loam, then the norm of the well area for such a soil is 1.5 m2. As for sandy soils, this parameter is 1 m.2. When water consumption does not exceed 1 m3, then you can install one well for 5 people, its dimensions should be equal to 2 m2 for sandy and 1.5 m2 - for sandy soil.
Where to locate the well
Before you build a filtration well, you need to collect information about the soil. Wells can be located only in those soils that are suitable for this. This should include:
- sandy ground;
- peat;
- sandy loam with a low content of clay particles.
If we are talking about loams and clays, whichhave a low filtration coefficient, then it is pointless to install wells in them, because filtration facilities cannot be operated effectively under such conditions. It is unacceptable to install wells for biological treatment in fractured rocks, this is due to the fact that water filtration does not occur.
При отсутствии организованного стока вода может even get into drinking water sources. In areas with soil that is characterized by insignificant filtration properties, other methods of sewage treatment should be used.
The condition of the soil also affects the areafiltering well. The filtration area, among other things, determines the life of the well: a filtering well can last longer if the filtration area is significant. The filtration well for the septic tank can be effectively operated only if all the work is carried out correctly, taking into account the depth of the groundwater. This level should be located 0.5 m below the filter bottom.
The base of the drainage system shouldbe located above the groundwater level by 1 m. If the groundwater is quite high on the site, then it is impossible to install a well. It is important to remember about the depth of freezing. Filtration well with their own hands is set below the level of soil freezing, which depends on climatic conditions. For example, in central Russia, this parameter is 1.3 m from the surface of the earth.
Production of a plastic well
If plastic filtration wellit was not succeeded to get, then it can be made independently. For this purpose, a corrugated pipe of the required diameter is used, the last of which may be equal to 925 mm. From the pipe is cut the desired length, which will be the height of the well. Holes are made in the construction, and rubber cuffs can be used at the point of passage of the pipes.
If necessary, the seams are sealed with bitumen.mastic. After installing such a well, preparation is laid in the bottom, pipes are connected, and, if necessary, also a pump is installed. Voids between the walls and the well can be filled with rubble, a hatch is installed on top.
Installation of a local bottom well
If you have thought about the question of how to install a filtration well, then you can familiarize yourself with the local bottom structure, the main elements of which are:
- walls;
- overlap;
- bottom filter.
The latter has the appearance of filling of rubble, cakedslag, gravel, and also brick splinters. The diameter of the fraction of these materials can vary from 10 to 70 mm. This backfilling is carried out at a height of 1 m. The liquid, cleaned from suspended particles, will enter the well through a pipe from a septic tank. Therefore, the pipe must be placed above the surface of the filter. This distance is usually 0.2 m. The place where the jet will fall on the filter should be covered with an antiseptic shield, which will distribute sewage in the well. This measure eliminates the erosion of the backfill.
Well walls
Quite often, suburban real estate owners wonder how to install a filtration well. Its walls can be made of:
- old barrel;
- reinforced concrete rings;
- rubble stone;
- solid clay bricks.
Particular attention should be paid to the fact thatthe walls should have holes. They should be left or pierced. They should be distributed over the height of the filter as evenly as possible. Perform them in a staggered manner, and their diameter can vary from 4 to 6 cm. The area of the holes should not exceed 10% of the wall surface. The walls of the well from the outside must be filled with the material that was used for laying the bottom filter. The height of the filling should be equal to the height of the filter, whereas the thickness is usually equal to the limit of 30 to 50 cm.
Ventilation and ceiling
The filter well and septic tank must be equippedventilation pipe. It is located in the overlap of the sewage treatment plant. The upper part of the pipe is located above the surface of the soil in 70 cm. It is important to provide the element with a fly-flame.
Наиболее оптимальный диаметр трубы – 10 см.If it spoils the landscape, then the problem can be solved by disguising the element with climbing plants. In the overlap should install a hatch, the diameter of which is equal to 70 cm. As its features are two covers. One of them will be carrier, while the second - weight, it must be located below. Between the covers should be left a distance that is filled with insulating material, such as bags with perlite sand or mineral wool.
Recommendations of a specialist
Today filter wells rarely have a diametermore than 2 m. Their depth is usually equal to 3 m and less. If the treatment plant area is large, then several small wells should be installed on the site. This need arises when the well area is more than 4 m.2After all, the volume of wastewater can be impressive. It is important to remove them from an existing source of drinking water of 30 m or more.
Regulations and rules of the device
Slate well can also be useddo it yourself. For this, sheets can be joined with a solution, holes are pre-made in the canvases, their parameters have been described above. At the bottom of the structure should lay a layer of granular load, through which the water will pass. The walls of the well can be lined with square brick or natural stone. It is important to keep the technological gaps or drill holes in the finished product.
Features of conical wells
Well filtering conic usesToday is very popular with consumers. It is made of plastic and may have a height of up to 2.5 m. The conical structure allows you to install such systems in different soils, including heaving clay. The upper part of the construction has a diameter of 600 mm, whereas from below this value reaches 1000 mm.
Поставляется система с чугунным или polymer sand hatch, floor slab in this case is not required. At the heart of the case is a corrugated pipe, and the connection of pipes is carried out in place. The mouth joins the case of a well at a production stage. The top cover will look great on pedestrian areas and lawns. The conical well with perforation filtration may have a double-wall construction and an open top. The wall of the well is hollow, while the lower part is open, and for the upper part you can use any standard hatch as desired. Such a well can be installed to maintain the house for 10 people. The advantages of such structures should be highlighted:
- insignificant weight in comparison with reinforced concrete structures;
- the absence of toxic secretions in the soil;
- long service life up to 50 years.
Well quite easy to install on their own.
Conclusion
In order for a cleansing object in the formthe filtration well was able to cope with the tasks assigned to it; it should be located on the site where the groundwater is below the level where the filtering bottom of the cushion of rubble is located. The distance to the bottom from the water of the treatment facility should be 0.5 m. The bottom of the well should rise 1 m above the groundwater surface.
If the territory of the groundwater occurrather high, it is recommended to abandon the construction of the filtering well. It is important to locate the sewage system elements also below the level of soil freezing. If we are talking about the middle zone of Russia, this value is equal to the limit from 1.3 to 1.4 m.
When constructing the structures described, especiallyIt is important to follow the recommendations and technology, because otherwise the design will not function correctly. This will cause an environmental disaster. The source of drinking water may be contaminated.
