Heating systems, depending on the access to energy conductors, can be divided into two types:
- Open (in the people called self).The most primitive in design and operation. But the number of its shortcomings completely negates its advantages: it is expensive to purchase material, large-scale, difficult to assemble, low efficiency, thick-walled pipes with a large diameter are used, and because of these materials it is very difficult to hide the entire system behind decorative panels. This open heating system is most often found in Soviet homes.
- Closed. All parts of the structure are connected tightly to each other and with the help of a low-power pump the circulation of the coolant is accelerated.
The open system workflow is based onlaws of thermodynamics, according to which the heated liquid flows upward, creating some discharge at the entrance to the boiler and an increased pressure at the outlet from it. Thus, through the pipes of this design, self-circulation passes, where water moves from high pressure to a lower one. With the circulation and temperature changes, the water expands, as a result, in order to avoid breakage, the system is equipped with an additional capacity, called "expansion tank of the open heating system". It is not sealed, through it heated water in the form of steam comes out into the atmosphere.
Open heating system, justifies itselfonly using water and no other energy conductors, since it is a cheap resource. Another disadvantage is the constant evaporation of the liquid, which must be periodically renewed, so that the entire structure does not vzvozdushivaniya.
Open heating systems have a hugea disadvantage, which is the slow circulation, because of which the heating must be done very slowly in order to avoid breakage. Not to mention sluggishness, there is a problem with the drainage of water in the winter season, when pipes are idle, so that the frozen water does not damage them.
To achieve a sufficient level of speedcirculation of water, the placement of the boiler of this system should be carried out as low as possible, and the expansion tank, on the contrary, in the highest place. The tank, in turn, needs to be insulated. An open heating system does not need a pump. When installing this design, you need to misuse twists and turns as much as possible.
In addition, it is necessary to take into account the slope of horizontally laid pipes, which is approximately 0.005-0.01% in the direction from the highest point to the radiators and then to the hot water boiler.
